Table 2.
Perinatal outcomes of primiparous and multiparous females.
| Primiparous females N = 1047 |
Multiparous females | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parity = 1, N = 1083 | Parity ≥ 2, N = 1042 | |||
| Premature rupture of the membranes | 282 (26.9%)‡ | 164 (15.1%) | 179 (17.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Total labor durations (hr)* | 8.48 (3.10-19.98)‡ | 4.37 (1.47-10.43)$ | 3.97 (1.27-10.12) | <0.0001 |
| Labor durations at the first stage (hr) | 7.75 (2.43-18.71)‡ | 4.07 (1.24-10.07)¶ | 3.75 (1.05-9.91) | <0.0001 |
| Labor durations at the second stage (hr) | 0.72 (0.17-2.34)‡ | 0.20 (0.03-0.75)# | 0.15 (0.03-0.55) | <0.0001 |
| Total labor durations < 3 hr | 46 (4.4%)‡ | 294 (27.1%)† | 335 (32.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Times of vaginal examinations | 6 (3-10)‡ | 4 (3-8)# | 5 (3-8) | <0.0001 |
| Cervical dilatation stage at admission (cm) | 4 (2-9)‡ | 5 (2-9)$ | 5 (2-9) | <0.0001 |
| Episiotomy | 353 (33.7%)‡ | 113 (10.4%)# | 39 (3.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Total blood loss including amnion (g) | 344 (114-1017)‡ | 250 (90-835) | 255 (100-829) | <0.0001 |
| Umbilical arterial pH | 7.280 (7.170-7.371)‡ | 7.310 (7.200-7.415)# | 7.328 (7.211-7.440) | <0.0001 |
| Umbilical arterial pH < 7.100 | 10 (0.9%) | 6 (0.6%) | 4 (0.4%) | NS |
| Umbilical cord entanglement | 364 (34.8%)† | 361 (33.3%) | 318 (30.5%) | NS |
| Neonatal characteristics | ||||
| Female | 508 (48.5%) | 537 (49.6%) | 527 (50.6%) | NS |
| Birthweight (g) | 2962 (2443-3420)‡ | 3004 (2523-3520)# | 3080 (2574-3630) | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 49.0 (46.0-51.5) | 49.0 (46.0-51.5) | 49.5 (47.0-52.0)‡ | <0.0001 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 33.0 (31.0-35.0)‡ | 33.0 (31.0-35.0)† | 33.5 (31.5-35.0) | <0.0001 |
| Apgar score at 1 minute < 7 | 4 (0.4%) | 4 (0.4%) | 2 (0.2%) | NS |
| Apgar score at 5 minute < 7 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | - |
NS, not significant
Categorical variables are shown as number of patients (%), and numerical variables are shown as median (5%tile-95%tile).
*Total labor duration consists of the labor durations at first and second stages.
‡P < 0.0001, in relation to all other groups; $P < 0.005, in relation to multiparous females (parity ≥ 2); ¶P < 0.01, in relation to multiparous females (parity ≥ 2); #P < 0.0001, in relation to multiparous females (parity ≥ 2); †P < 0.05, in relation to multiparous females (parity ≥ 2)