Table 2.

Potential modulators and molecular targets of TNFAIP8 in malignant diseases.

Molecule/Gene	Belongs to	Correlations with TNFAIP8 and Possible Effects	References
Ki-67	Nuclear protein	Positively correlating with TNFAIP8, increasing the transcription of ribosome RNA and cell proliferation	34, 54
MMP-1, MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase family	Positively correlating with and as a regulatory target of TNFAIP8, degrading various proteins in extracellular matrix, breaking histological barriers of normal tissue which tumor cells invade, and playing a key role in tumor metastasis	26, 54, 60, 69
Integrin	Cell surface transmembrane receptor	TNFAIP8 activating the integrin signaling, mediating cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion through ligand binding, and promoting the metastasis of tumor cells	26
Karyopherinα2	Nucleocytoplasmic transport protein	Binding with TNFAIP8 and promoting the transportation of TNFAIP8 into nucleus	26
LATS1, YAP	Hipposignaling pathway protein	TNFAIP8 inhibiting the phosphorylation of LATS1 and YAP, leading to nuclear accumulation of YAP, preventing cell contact inhibition, and promoting tissue regeneration and neoplasia	40
EGFR, VEGFR	Growth factor receptor	Positively correlating with TNFAIP8, initiating the expression of relative genes, and promoting cell mitosis as well as proliferation	26, 41, 60
Cyclin D1, phospho-Rb	Cell cycle protein	Positively correlating with TNFAIP8, facilitating cell circle progression from G1 to S phase, and enhancing cell proliferation	40, 42
miR-9, miR-99a, miR-22	MicroRNA	Binding to TNFAIP8 mRNA, blocking its translation, and reducing the production of TNFAIP8	39, 55, 58
p53	Anti-oncogene	Mutations of p53 gene/protein activating the expression of TNFAIP8, repressing apoptosis in precancer cells, and promoting oncogenesis	62, 63