Table 2.

Escherichia coli concentration in environmental compartments and on hands for all households and for households with and without running tap water

		All households (N = 142)				With running tap water (N = 98)	Without running tap water (N = 44)
Variable	Units	Below LLOD (%)*	Mean ± SD	Median	Range	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	t	df
Handwashing water	CFU/100 mL	60	0.61 ± 0.92	0.00	(0.00–3.93)	0.23 ± 0.57	1.48 ± 0.97	7.95**	56.85
Drinking water	CFU/100 mL	37	0.77 ± 0.86	0.48	(0.00–3.93)	0.56 ± 0.76	1.24 ± 0.91	4.29**	70.63
Soil	CFU/g dry solids	37	1.62 ± 0.96	1.10	(0.89–4.76)	1.54 ± 0.91	1.80 ± 1.07	1.40	72.42
Hands before washing	CFU/hand	25	1.52 ± 0.94	1.35	(0.54–4.58)	1.46 ± 0.93	1.64 ± 0.97	1.04	79.60
Hands after washing	CFU/hand	27	1.32 ± 0.80	1.09	(0.54–3.94)	1.21 ± 0.77	1.56 ± 0.81	2.46*	79.65

The t values and degrees of freedom are reported for t tests on presence of running tap water. All concentration values are in log₁₀ format. SD = standard deviation.

^*Lower limit of detection; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.