(A) ChIP was performed with control IgG, anti-NRDC, anti-HDAC1, or anti-p53 antibodies in HCT116 cells, in which NRDC was knocked down (control, miR-2), followed by qPCR amplifying the p53 binding element of its target genes. All data represent means ± SE of at least 5 independent experiments with duplicate samples. (B) Total protein levels of HDAC1 were not altered by NRDC knockdown in HCT116 cells. (C) A ChIP–re-ChIP assay was performed with an anti-NRDC antibody in combination with either control IgG or anti-HDAC1 antibody. All data represent means ± SE of 3 independent experiments with duplicate samples. *P < 0.05 by unpaired 2-tailed Student’s t test.