Figure 1. Specific targeting of iExosomes for human PDAC cells with Kras^G12D.

(A) Volcano plots depicting log₂ fold change (red, upregulated genes; blue, downregulated genes; gray, genes that were not significantly deregulated) and –log₁₀ (P value) of differentially expressed genes between siKras^G12D–1 iExo–treated Panc-1 cells and all controls and BxPC-3 cells. (B) Tumor volume measured by MRI of siKras^G12D–1 iExo (n = 7) or siScrbl iExo (n = 7) at baseline (day 0 = day 62 after tumor induction) and after treatment (day 30, 81, and 228 posttreatment start [PTS]). #, no measurement available; mice died. (C) Representative MRI images of PDX pancreas tumors; a yellow dashed line encircles the tumors. (D) Kaplan-Meier curve indicating the survival of PDX mice in the listed treatment groups after birth (siKras^G12D–1 iExo [n = 7], siScrbl iExo [n = 7]; log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test). The approximated time for the natural life span of nude mice is indicated by the red dotted line. (E) Tumor weight at end point in studies with PDX mice (siKras^G12D iExo [n = 7], siScrbl iExo [n = 7]). (F) Representative H&E image of aggressively invasive pancreatic tumors in siScrbl iExo–treated mice, in comparison with predominant inflammation and markedly reduced tumors in pancreata of siKras^G12D–1 iExo–treated mice. Scale bars: 100 μm (left); 50 μm (right). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Unless otherwise stated, unpaired 2-tailed t test was used to determine statistical significance. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. See Supplemental Source Data 1 and 2.