Table 4.

Multivariable-Adjusted Mean Values (95% Confidence Interval) of Visceral Adipose Tissue and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Areas Among Men of the Four Populations with 24 ≤ Body Mass Index <27 kg/m²: ERA-JUMP Study, 2002–2006

					Pairwise comparisons
	Koreans in Korea (n = 124) mean (95% CI)	Japanese in Japan (n = 84) mean( 95% CI)	Japanese Americans in United States (n = 79) mean (95% CI)	Caucasians in United States (n = 112) mean (95% CI)	Japanese vs. Japanese Americans	Japanese vs. Caucasians	Japanese Americans vs. Caucasians	Japanese vs. Koreans	Koreans vs. Japanese Americans	Koreans vs. Caucasians
Model I
VAT	157.8 (150.4–165.2)	151.5 (143.2–159.7)	137.3 (128.6–145.9)	132.8 (124.4–141.3)		*			*	**
SAT	167.7 (160.1–175.2)	157.3 (148.9–165.7)	188.7 (179.9–197.5)	168.3 (159.6–176.9)	**		*		*
Model II
VAT	158.6 (150.8–166.5)	153.9 (145.3–162.4)	141.5 (132.6–150.4)	127.2 (118.8–135.5)		**			*	**
SAT	169.5 (161.6–177.4)	159.4 (150.8–168.1)	189.2 (180.2–198.2)	164.2 (155.7–172.7)	**		**		*
Model III
VAT	153.9 (146.0–161.9)	148.9 (140.4–157.4)	137.8 (128.9–146.8)	138.3 (129.2–147.4)
SAT	168.2 (159.8–176.5)	159.3 (150.4–168.3)	188.3 (178.9–197.7)	165.8 (156.2–175.3)	**		*		*

Data are mean values (95% CI).

^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0. 001.

P < 0.05 for overall comparison for all variables.

Model I was adjusted for age, height, and waist circumference.

Model II was adjusted for variables in model I plus smoking status (nonsmokers, exsmokers, smokers less than 20 cigarettes/day, or smokers 20 cigarettes or more/day), amount of alcohol intake (grams/day), and physical activity levels of the participants' current jobs (sedentary, light physical activity, medium physical activity, or very heavy).

Model III was adjusted for variables in model II plus levels of systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol.

CI, confidence interval.