Table 2.

Characteristics of the sample

Group	Migraine without aura	Cervicogenic headache	Healthy control
N (female/male)	10/5	10/5	10/4
Age (years)	34.8±10.6 [18–55]	43.3±12.1 [20–60]	22.4±1.1 [20–24]
Headache history (years)	16.3±9.8 [2–40]	4.3±3.0 [2–10]	0
Baseline clinical outcomes
Headache intensity (VAS^)	7.0±1.5* [4–8]	4.7±1.0 [3–6]	0
Headache frequency§ (times/month)	4.0±3.4 [1–12]	3.9±3.5 [1–15]	NA
Duration of headache#(hours/per time)	12.1±10.5* [1–24]	3.5±3.0 [1–12]	NA
Follow-up clinical outcomes
Headache intensity (VAS^)	6.3±1.3* [4–8]	4.5±0.8 [3–6]	0
Headache frequency§ (times/month)	3.6±2.7 [1–10]	3.9±3.4 [1–15]	NA
Duration of headache#(hours/per time)	10.9±10.1* [1–24]	3.3±2.8 [1–12]	NA

Notes: Data are presented as mean±standard deviation; value ranges are given in the square brackets.

^{^}VAS: visual analog scores (0=no pain to 10=worst pain ever)

^§Defined as the number of headaches separated by pain-free intervals of at least 48 hours within the past 4 weeks.

^#Defined as the time in hours from the beginning until the end of the headache episode.

^*Significant difference between baseline and follow-up.

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog score; NA, not applicable.