Figure 5.

An exclusive window analysis reveals substantial information in small voltage fluctuations. (a) Using the exclusive window categorization method, threshold crossings for the channel depicted in figure 2 are identified when the voltage trace passes into and out of the window defined by a particular threshold without passing into higher-threshold windows. A 1σ window and a 3σ window are shown in this example. If the voltage trace crosses the 1σ threshold but not the 3σ threshold, it is classified as a 1σ crossing. As indicated with the black circles, we can successfully select the larger voltage fluctuations with the exclusive θ = 3σ and we capture the smaller fluctuations with the exclusive θ = 1σ. (b) Waveform snippets corresponding to the xTCs for exclusive thresholds θ = 1σ (left) and θ = 3σ (right) for the channel shown in (a). (c) The SNR for velocity and speed at exclusive thresholds θ = 1σ and θ = 3σ for the channel shown in (a). Note that the speed SNR is higher at θ = 1 than θ = 3 even though those waveforms look like noise.