Table 1.

Summary of data collection at different assessment points

Domain/Candidate predictor	Measure/data item	Baseline commencing ≤14 days post-trauma	3-month clinical course	6-month outcome assessment point/clinical course	12-month clinical course
General patient characteristics including premorbid neuropsychological status
Age	In years	√
Gender	Female/male/other	√
BMI	Calculated from height and weight measurements	√
Education	Highest educational level attained	√
Employment status	Full time/part time/not working/retired/student Employed/self-employed	√	√	√	√
Circumstance of trauma	Military/civilian	√
Previous history of musculoskeletal pain and injury	Patient history data from patient recollection and medical records	√
Comorbidity of other health problems	Patient history data from patient recollection and medical records	√
Premorbid physical health	Patient history data from patient recollection and medical records	√
Premorbid psychological health	Patient history data from medical records and patient recollection (including non-somatic items from the Subjective Health Complaints Inventory)44	√
Number of days in hospital	Intensive care/ward/total	√
Quality of life and physical functioning
General health	SF-36v245	√	√	√	√
Health-related quality of life	EuroQol EQ-5D-5L46	√	√	√	√
Self-care and mobility during activities of daily living	Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living,47 collected from hospital data	√
Sleep quality	11-point (0–10) Numerical Rating Scale, relating to current pain, from ‘best possible sleep’ to ‘worst possible sleep’48	√	√	√	√
Brain/CNS impairment	Glasgow Coma Scale19	√
Psychosocial features
Anxiety and depression	HADS49	√	√	√	√
Coping strategies applied during a painful experience	CSQ-2450	√	√	√	√
Fear of movement or fear of injury or re-injury during movement	TSK-1151	√	√	√	√
Confidence in ability to perform activities despite pain	Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire52	√	√	√	√
Subjective post-traumatic distress	IES-R53	√	√	√	√
Injury characteristics
Time of injury/incident	Hospital record data	√
Injury location	Adapted pain drawings, based on hospital record data	√
Tissues damaged	Based on imaging data and hospital records Fractures Penetrating/non-penetrating injury/both	√
Surgery required	Location and postinjury timing of surgery, based on hospital record data	√
Assisted mechanical ventilation required	Yes/no/duration	√
Severity of injury	Injury Severity Scale54	√
Pain characteristics
Chronic pain severity	Chronic Pain Grade Scale21			√	√
Pain intensity	11-point (0–10) Numerical Rating Scale, relating to current pain, from ‘no pain’ to ‘pain as bad as could be’ (collected as part of the Chronic Pain Grade Scale)	√*	√	√	√
Pain medication intake  (type, dosage and timing)	Medication Quantification Scale,55–57 based on hospital record data	√*
Pain location	Pain drawing	√*	√	√	√
Pain extent	Electronic pain drawing58	√*
Self-reported features of neuropathic pain	painDETECT questionnaire59	√*	√	√	√
Quantitative sensory testing
Heat pain threshold	Evaluation of pain threshold using a heat stimulus	√*
Cold pain threshold	Evaluation of pain threshold using a cold stimulus	√*
Pressure pain threshold	Evaluation of pain threshold using a pressure stimulus	√*
Temporal summation	Evaluation of pain intensity in response to repetitive pressure stimuli	√*
Biomarkers
CRP	Serum levels of CRP, a broad indicator of inflammation (via blood analysis)	à
cfDNA	Plasma levels of cfDNA (nuclear and mitochondrial), indicators of tissue damage (via blood analysis)	√†

*Measurements to be taken repeatedly throughout the baseline period, which will commence immediately following recruitment via informed consent (up to 14 days post-trauma) for a period of up to 14 days (i.e. until a maximum of 28 days post-trauma), while the participant is in hospital.

†Measurements to be taken repeatedly throughout the baseline period, but may be commenced prior to this, subject to assent from a legal consultee.

BMI, body mass index; cfDNA, cell-free DNA; CRP, C reactive protein; CSQ-24, Coping Strategies Questionnaire-2; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale revise; SF-36v2, 36-item Short Form Health Survey, version 2; TSK-11, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, 11-item.