Table 1.
Recent longitudinal studies investigating the association between T2DM (exposure) and AD (outcome).
| Study | Cohort | Country | n | T2DM Ascertainment | n | AD Ascertainment | Total | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ott, 1999 18 | Rotterdam Study | The Netherlands | 692 | Medication use or blood glucose | 89 | Clinical examination | 6,370 | RR=1.90 (1.18, 3.05) |
| MacKnight, 2002 27 | CSHA | Canada | 503 | Medication use or blood glucose | 267 | Clinical examination | 5,574 | RR=1.30 (0.83, 2.03) |
| Hassing, 2002 84 | OCTO-Twin Study | Sweden | 108 | Medical records | 92 | Clinical examination | 702 | RR=0.83 (0.46, 1.48) |
| Peila, 2002 23 | HAAS | United States | 900 | Self-report or blood glucose | 76 | Clinical examination | 2,592 | RR=1.80 (1.10, 2.92) |
| Arvanitakis, 2004 85 | Religious Order Study | United States | 127 | Medication use or self-report | 151 | Clinical examination | 824 | HR=1.65 (1.10, 2.47) |
| Xu, 2004 86 | Kungsholmen Study | Sweden | 114 | Medical records or blood glucose | 260 | Clinical examination | 1,301 | HR=1.30 (0.90, 2.10) |
| Luchsinger, 2005 87 | Medicare recipients, NYC | United States | 230 | Self-report | 246 | Clinical examination | 1,381 | HR=2.40 (1.80, 3.20) |
| Akomolafe, 2006 26 | Framingham Study | United States | 202 | Medication use or self-report | 237 | Clinical examination | 2,210 | RR=1.15 (0.65, 2.05) |
| Raffaitin, 2009 88 | Three-City Study | France | 538 | Medication use or blood glucose | 134 | Clinical examination | 7,087 | HR=1.15 (0.64, 2.05) |
| Al-Emam, 2010 89 | University hospital referrals | Egypt | 106 | Medication use or self-report | 137 | Clinical examination | 764 | HR=1.53 (0.96, 2.45) |
| Ahtiluoto, 2010 24 | Vantaa 85+ Study | Finland | 131 | Medical records or self-report | 155 | Clinical examination | 553 | HR=2.45 (1.33, 4.52) |
| Kimm, 2011 22 | Male NHIC Enrollees | South Korea | 33,350 | Medical records | 821 | Medical records | 490,445 | HR=1.60 (1.29, 1.98) |
| Kimm, 2011 22 | Female NHIC Enrollees | South Korea | 18,261 | Medical records | 1,030 | Medical records | 358,060 | HR=1.40 (1.15, 1.70) |
| Ohara, 2011 25 | Hisayama Study | Japan | 150 | Oral glucose tolerance test | 105 | Clinical examination | 1,017 | HR=2.05 (1.18, 3.57) |
| Wang, 2012 21 | BHNI Database | Taiwan | 615,532 | Medical records | 8,488 | Medical records | 1,230,403 | HR=1.45 (1.38, 1.52) |
| Huang, 2014 90 | NHIRD | Taiwan | 71,433 | Medical records | 612 | Medical records | 142,744 | HR=1.76 (1.50, 2.07) |
| Katon, 2015 19 | Danish National Register | Denmark | 223,174 | Medical records | 59,663a | Medical records | 2,454,532 | HR=1.06 (1.01, 1.11); T2DM/depression: HR=1.46 (1.37, 1.55) |
Abbreviations: AD=Alzheimer’s disease; T2DM=Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; RR=Risk Ratio; HR=Hazards Ratio; N/A=Not Available
Study Abbreviations: BHNI=Bureau of National Health Insurance;CSHA=Canadian Study of Health and Aging; HAAS=Honolulu-Asia Aging Study; NHIC=National Health Insurance Corporation; NHIRD=National Health Insurance Research Database
a
Includes all forms of dementia, AD sample size alone was not provided; main results are for AD only – not all forms of dementia