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. 2018 May 1;8:6833. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24767-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HPIV3 HN global phylogeny with terminal branches colored by geographical region of virus isolation (A). Nodes 1 and 2 indicate the common ancestors of lineages previously described in the literature. Clades containing the Vietnamese sequences generated in this study are labelled V1–V5, with clade V2 (B) and clade V4 (C) shown in detail. Within V4, a large monophyletic clade comprising sequences from Viet Nam is indicated with an asterisk. (D) Scatter plot of mean migration rates of HPIV3 HN in and out of Viet Nam in 2009–2010. The diagonal line indicates identical mean rates of migration in and out of Viet Nam.