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. 2018 May 1;8:6801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25068-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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AKAP-12, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers in myocardial biopsies from aortic stenosis patients. AKAP-12 immunostaining and AKAP-12 mRNA levels in myocardial biopsies from AS patients (A,B). Total mtDNA expression was measured (C). PGC-1α and PHB mRNA levels (D) and PGC-1α immunostaining (E) in myocardial biopsies. Immunostaining of Nitrotyrosine and CML (E). Magnification of the microphotographs 40x. Histogram bars represent the mean ± SEM of each group of subjects (Control n = 13 and patients with AS, n = 26) in arbitrary units (AU) normalized to HPRT and β-actin for cDNA. *p < 0.05 vs. control group. AS, aortic stenosis; AKAP-12, A-kinase anchoring protein 12; Total mtDNA, Total mitochondrial DNA; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha; PHB, prohibitin; CML, carboxy-methyl-lysine.