Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 May 2;9(5):502. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0519-8

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — a–d Induced ectoderm differentiation. Various neuron markers and morphological features exhibited by APOSCs after differentiation. Immunocytochemistry showed MAP2, Tuj-1 (green, a and b), GFAP (green, c), and O4 (green, d) expression in cells. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). e–l Induced endoderm differentiation. Immunocytochemistry (green) of APOSC-derived hepatocytes showed positive signals of albumin (e), α-antitrypsin (f), and α-FP (g). Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). h RT-PCR analysis showed albumin expression in differentiated APOSCs (d) but not in undifferentiated APOSCs (U). Human liver carcinoma cell line, HepG2, served as a positive control. Differentiated hepatocytes expressed glycogen deposits as shown by PAS stain (staining shown in j and k) and the phase contrast micrograph (l). Negative PAS staining of undifferentiated APOSCs (in i). Scale bar, 20 μm. m–q Induced adipocyte differentiation of APOSCs (m). After differentiation, APOSCs contained lipid droplets according to staining with oil red O. APOSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts expressing osteocalcin according to staining with Alizarin Red S (n). Induced differentiation of APOSCs into chondrocytes (o). Alcian Blue staining indicated proteoglycans synthesized by chondrocytes generated from APOSCs. Tube formation ability of APOSCs (p–q). Spontaneously, APOSCs could differentiate into endothelial cells, as verified by their tube-forming ability in this assay (in p). Dynamics of the behavior of VEGF-stimulated APOSCs after plating on Matrigel. The photos were taken at 2.5 h (q–i), 4 h (q-ii), 6 h (q-iii), or 21 h (q-iv) after plating of APOSCs for the tube formation assay. Note that tubes were matured at 6 h and broken apart at 21 h. r–x Spontaneous differentiation of human APOSCs into three germ lineages. Representative images of APOSC-derived neurons (r, bright-field micrograph and s, immunocytochemistry for Tuj-1, green), α-SMA-positive cells (t), albumin- (u), and α1-antitrypsin-positive (v) cells (immunocytochemistry, green). Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). w PAS staining of spontaneously differentiated APOSCs. x RT-PCR analyses of various differentiation markers of three germ layers. F.: human fibroblasts, A.: human APOSCs, AS.: APOSCs-Spheres, U: undifferentiated cells, D.: differentiated cells. Scale bar, 20 μm