Table 1.
Population Characteristics.
| Study Sample 1999–2016 | Non-clustering | Clustering within the transmission network | Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) | P value if <0.05 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 2,774 (100%) | 2,179 (78.6%) | 595 (21.4%) | — | — |
| Age (years) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 40 (33–48) | 40 (34–49) | 36 (30–45) | — | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 80.1% (n = 2,222) | 77.1% (n = 1,681) | 90.9% (n = 541) | 1 | — |
| Female | 19.6% (n = 545) | 22.5% (n = 492) | 8.9% (n = 53) | 0.33 (0.25–0.45) | <0.001 |
| Other/NA | 0.3% (n = 7) | 0.2% (n = 6) | 0.2% (n = 1) | 0.51 (0.06–4.31) | — |
| Region of Origin | |||||
| Germany | 69.5% (n = 1,928) | 66% (n = 1,439) | 82.2% (n = 489) | 1 | — |
| Eastern Europe | 5.6% (n = 154) | 6.2% (n = 136) | 3% (n = 18) | 0.39 (0.24–0.64) | <0.001 |
| Western Europe | 3% (n = 82) | 3.1% (n = 68) | 2.4% (n = 14) | 0.61 (0.34–1.09) | — |
| Africa | 13.2% (n = 366) | 16.1% (n = 351) | 2.5% (n = 15) | 0.13 (0.08–0.21) | <0.001 |
| South-East Asia | 2.2% (n = 61) | 2.2% (n = 47) | 2.4% (n = 14) | 0.87 (0.48–1.6) | — |
| Middle-East | 2.8% (n = 79) | 2.5% (n = 54) | 4.2% (n = 25) | 1.36 (0.84–2.21) | — |
| North America | 0.3% (n = 7) | 0.3% (n = 7) | 0% | 0.20 (0.01–3.44) | <0.001 |
| Central-South America | 1.4% (n = 39) | 1.4% (n = 30) | 1.5% (n = 9) | 0.88 (0.41–1.87) | — |
| NA | 2.1% (n = 58) | 2.2% (n = 47) | 1.8% (n = 11) | 0.69 (0.35–1.34) | — |
| Risk Factor | |||||
| MSM | 52.1% (n = 1,448) | 48.3% (n = 1,053) | 66.3% (n = 395) | 1 | — |
| HTS | 22.4% (n = 622) | 23.3% (n = 509) | 18.9% (n = 113) | 0.59 (0.47–0.90) | <0.001 |
| IDU | 4.9% (n = 137) | 5% (n = 111) | 4.3% (n = 26) | 0.62 (0.40–0.97) | <0.001 |
| Endemic (i.e. Origin from Country with HIV prevalence >1%) | 10.5% (n = 292) | 13% (n = 285) | 1.1% (n = 7) | 0.06 (0.03–0.14) | <0.001 |
| Others/unknown | 9.8% (n = 275) | 10.1% (n = 221) | 9.1% (n = 54) | 0.65 (0.47–0.90) | 0.008 |
| HIV Subtype | |||||
| B | 73.6% (n = 2,042) | 69.2% (n = 1,510) | 89.4% (n = 532) | 1 | — |
| Non-B | 26.3% (n = 732) | 30.7% (n = 669) | 10.5% (n = 63) | 0.27 (0.20–0.90) | <0.001 |
| Sampling Date | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 2010 (2007–2013) | 2010 (2006–2013) | 2011 (2009–2014) | <0.001 | |
| Cohort | |||||
| Bonn | 9.3% (n = 259) | 7.1% (n = 155) | 17.4% (n = 104) | 1 | — |
| Cologne | 54.3% (n = 1,507) | 52.7% (n = 1,150) | 60% (n = 357) | 0.46 (0.35–0.61) | <0.001 |
| Hannover | 12% (n = 334) | 13% (n = 284) | 8.4% (n = 50) | 0.26 (0.18–0.39) | <0.001 |
| Munich LMU | 23.1% (n = 641) | 25.9% (n = 566) | 12.6% (n = 75) | 0.20 (0.14–0.28) | <0.001 |
| Munich TUM | 1.1% (n = 33) | 1.1% (n = 24) | 1.5% (n = 9) | 0.67 (0.29–1.53) | — |
Baseline Demographic, Risk and Viral Characteristics in Clustering versus non-Clustering participants.
Abbreviations: HTS, heterosexual sex; IDU, injection drug use; MSM, men who have sex with men; NA, not available.