Table 4. Complementary Health Approaches (CHAs) used for pain among Appalachian patients seeking conventional pain management by Health behavior stage of change, Complementary Health Approaches for Pain Survey (CHAPS), WV, 2014–2016.
| CHA** | No, and will not (Precontemplation) | No, but intend to within 6 months (Contemplation) | No, but intend to within 30 days (Preparation) | Yes, for less than 6 months (Action) | Yes, for more than 6 months (Maintenance) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Overall Usea | 229 | 85.5 | 56 | 20.9 | 31 | 11.6 | 87 | 32.5 | 128 | 47.8 |
| Herbs/Botanicals | 152 | 61.8 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 11 | 4.5 | 13 | 5.3 |
| Vitamins/Minerals | 98 | 38.9 | 7 | 2.8 | 4 | 1.6 | 43 | 17.1 | 85 | 33.9 |
| Probiotics | 112 | 62.2 | 4 | 2.2 | 4 | 2.2 | 11 | 6.2 | 20 | 11.2 |
| Other Natural Products | 150 | 60 | 11 | 4.4 | 5 | 2 | 22 | 8.8 | 40 | 16 |
| Acupuncture | 180 | 79 | 10 | 4.4 | 2 | 0.88 | 5 | 2.2 | 8 | 3.5 |
| Massage Therapy | 142 | 62 | 19 | 8.3 | 8 | 3.5 | 25 | 11 | 17 | 7.5 |
| Spinal manipulation/ Chiropractic | 164 | 69.2 | 10 | 4.2 | 5 | 2.1 | 19 | 8 | 22 | 9.2 |
| Tai chi/Qi Gong | 170 | 71.4 | 4 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.42 | 2 | 0.84 | 1 | 0.42 |
| Yoga | 184 | 78.6 | 10 | 4.3 | 6 | 2.6 | 3 | 1.3 | 7 | 3 |
| Meditation | 165 | 68.5 | 8 | 3.3 | 8 | 3.3 | 12 | 5 | 29 | 12.1 |
| Other relaxation practices | 139 | 58.7 | 9 | 3.8 | 10 | 4.2 | 21 | 9 | 34 | 14.5 |
| Movement therapies | 145 | 60.7 | 4 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.42 | 5 | 2.1 | 10 | 4.2 |
Note: Column Percentages shown; those missing or unaware of CHA definition excluded.
**Herbs/Botanicals N = 246; Vitamins/Minerals N = 252; Probiotics N = 180; Other Natural Products N = 250; Acupuncture N = 228; Massage Therapy N = 229; Spinal manipulation/ Chiropractic N = 239; Tai chi/Qi Gong N = 238; Yoga N = 235; Meditation N = 241; Other relaxation practices N = 237; Movement therapies N = 239
a. N = 268; Includes Herbs/Botanicals, Vitamins and/or Minerals, Probiotics, Other natural products, Acupuncture, Massage therapy, Spinal manipulation/Chiropractic, Tai chi/Qi Gong, Yoga, Meditation, Other relaxation practices, and/or Movement therapies