Fig 19. Single sample (M = 1) Z-score approximation.

We show the single sample (M = 1) Z-score approximation according to Eq (46) for several κ parameters as a function of the ratio $\frac{{\lambda }_c^i}{{\lambda }_c^{-i}}$ and ${\lambda }_c^{-i}$ (E(y_c|R_i = 0)). The ${\lambda }_c^{-i}$ values were chosen to be representative of the observed rates in our real datasets.