Table 2.
Estimated annual percent change (EAPC) of the rate ratios for the Black-White and Hispanic-White racial/ethnic disparities in AIDS diagnoses by sex and male-male sexual contact, United States, 1991–2013 (BW males and females), 2002–2013 (HW males and females), and 2008–2013 (BW and HW MSM)
| Disparity | Joinpoint period | Years | EAPC | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black-White rate ratio | |||||
| Females | 1 | 1991–2001 | 4.4 | (3.3. 5.4) | <.01 |
| 2 | 2002–2013 | −0.3 | (−1.1, 0.6) | .55 | |
| Males | 1 | 1991–1996 | 11.4 | (9.5, 13.4) | <.01 |
| 2 | 1997–2001 | 2.7 | (0.4, 5.2) | .03 | |
| 3 | 2002–2005 | −3.4 | (−6.5, −0.2) | .04 | |
| 4 | 2006–2013 | 2.6 | (1.4, 3.8) | .01 | |
| MSM* | 1 | 2008–2013 | 6.0 | (3.8, 8.2) | <.01 |
| Non-MSM males*,† | 1 | 2008–2013 | −1.0 | (−4.9, 3.1) | .53 |
| Hispanic-White rate ratio‡ | |||||
| Females | 1 | 2002–2013 | −3.4 | (−4.6, −2.1) | <.01 |
| Males | 1 | 2002–2005 | −2.6 | (−4.9, −0.3) | .03 |
| 2 | 2006–2013 | 1.5 | (0.7, 2.4) | <.01 | |
| MSM* | 1 | 2008–2013 | 3.3 | (2.0, 4.6) | <.01 |
| Non-MSM males*,† | 1 | 2008–2013 | −1.5 | (−6.2, 3.4) | .43 |
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CI, confidence interval; EAPC, estimated annual percent change; MSM, men who have sex with men.
Notes: For the analysis stratified on sex, data for the Black-White disparity were limited to years 1991 through 2013 and data for the Hispanic-White disparity were limited to years 2002 through 2013 to remain consistent with surveillance reporting by sex during previously identified trend periods. For analyses stratified on malemale sex, data were limited to years 2008–2013 when estimated diagnoses for U.S. Black, Hispanic, and White MSM were reported.
MSM include both men who reported male-male sex and men who reported male-male sex and injection drug use. Rate denominators for MSM are an estimated proportion of 3.9% of the total male population ages 13 and older by race. Rate denominators for non-MSM males were therefore an estimated 96.1% of the total male population (Purcell et.al., 2012).16 These percentages were applied to all races.
Non-MSM males represent males who did not report male-male sexual contact.
Hispanics in these subanalyses represent mainland U.S. Hispanics only (do not include Puerto Rico) due to lack of data in surveillance reports on case counts in Puerto Rico by age, sex, and transmission category from 2002 to 2013.