Video 1. Montage showing laps of the task in which the Excursions events occur at the right-hand feeder.

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The position decoded from neural activity is indicated by the centroid of the red triangle, which is superimposed on top of the overhead video of the rat’s actual position on the track. The head-mounted LED lights are used as the target position. The decoded position tracks the LEDs reliably, but generates an excursion to the left-hand feeder after reward consumption.