Figure 2.

Model of steam diffusion, penetration through the skin and illustration of the second degree burn model without first degree burn. (a) Schematic of the different penetration pathways of steam. Detailed illustration of the penetration of steam through the skin: (b) Steam in contact with the stratum corneum. (c) Penetration of the steam through the 3 pathways and accumulation of steam at the skin barrier (dermis). At this point, corneocytes are starting to swell slowing down the penetration of steam. (d) Accumulation of steam and condensation of steam. (e) Accumulation of hot water due to condensation of steam and degradation of the first layers of Dermis. (f) Schematic of different mechanisms for heat transfer in dry heat condition and in moist heat condition.