Table 3.

Applications of lignin-based composites photocatalyst in photocatalytic degradation of organic substances

Entry no.	Type of composite	Contaminant	Light source	Temperature (°C)	Photocatalytic activity (% degradation/conversion)	Reaction time (min)	References
1	Nano-ZnO–LA	Methyl orange	UV light (300 W)	25	99.20	60	[81]
			Solar radiation	28–36	96.40	360
2	SLS-CuO/ZnO nanocomposites	Rhodamine B	Visible light	25	91.50	240	[68]
		Congo Red	500 W Xe lamp		74.30
3	Lignin-based carbon/ZnO composite	Methyl orange Rhodamine B	Solar light (500-W Xe lamp)	15	99.90	30	[18]
					79.20	50
4	Lignin-based carbon/ZnO	Methyl orange	Solar light (500-W Xe lamp)	15	98.90	30	[19]
	nanocomposite
5	AL–CuO nanoparticles	Methylene blue	UV light	25	97.80	90	[70]
		Methyl orange			66.70
6	Nano TiO2–lignin composite	Phenol	UV light (8-W mercury lamp)	25	97.90	120	[72]
7	SL–ZnO nanomesh lamina	Methylene blue	UV irradiation (WFH-203)				[77]
			12 W	25	100	90
			8 W		96	120
			5 W		88	120
			2 W		80	120
8	Nano ZnO–AL	Methyl orange	UV light	25	98	90	[113]