Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics at index hospitalization in 107,940 patients and 247,680 hospitalizations
| Characteristics, n (col %) or median (interquartile range) | Total n = 247,680 | Potentially avoidable readmissiona (n = 59,045) |
No potentially avoidable readmissiona (n = 188,635) |
Standardized difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 66 (53–76) | 65 (42–88) | 66 (44–88) | −0.08 |
| Gender | −0.02 | |||
| Male | 123,709 (49.9) | 29,039 (49.2) | 94,670 (50.2) | |
| Female | 123,971 (50.1) | 30,006 (50.8) | 93,965 (49.8) | |
| Race | 0.07 | |||
| White | 138,904 (56.1) | 31,925 (54.1) | 106,979 (56.7) | |
| Black | 96,361 (38.9) | 24,415 (41.4) | 71,946 (38.1) | |
| Asian | 6955 (2.8) | 1544 (2.6) | 5411 (2.9) | |
| Native American | 4015 (1.6) | 811 (1.4) | 3204 (1.7) | |
| Other | 1372 (0.6) | 330 (0.6) | 1042 (0.6) | |
| Unknown | 73 (0.0) | 20 (0.0) | 53 (0.0) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.02 | |||
| Hispanic | 33,336 (13.5) | 7,616 (12.9) | 25,720 (13.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 208,835 (84.3) | 50,178 (85.0) | 158,657 (84.1) | |
| Unknown | 5509 (2.2) | 1251 (2.1) | 4258 (2.3) | |
| Employment status | 0.07 | |||
| Employed/Student | 11,593 (4.7) | 2,566 (4.4) | 9,027 (4.8) | |
| Homemaker | 10,714 (4.3) | 2,484 (4.2) | 8,230 (4.4) | |
| Retired – Disability/Medical LOA | 64,332 (26.0) | 15,443 (26.2) | 48,889 (25.9) | |
| Retired – Age | 87,021 (35.1) | 19,609 (33.2) | 67,412 (35.7) | |
| Unemployed | 64,014 (25.9) | 16,570 (28.1) | 47,444 (25.2) | |
| Missing/other | 10,006 (4.0) | 2,373 (4.0) | 7633 (4.1) | |
| Geographic-level income, $ | 44,037 (35,089–57,047) | 43,661 (34,729–56,818) | 44,146 (35,239–57,154) | −0.03 |
| Dialysis vintage years | 2.61 (1.20–4.87) | 2.56 (1.16–4.78) | 2.63 (1.21–4.89) | −0.03 |
| <1 year | 51,340 (20.7) | 12,734 (21.6) | 38,606 (20.5) | 0.03 |
| 1–3 years | 85,669 (34.6) | 20,328 (34.4) | 65,341 (34.6) | |
| >3 years | 110,671 (44.7) | 25,983 (44.0) | 84,688 (44.9) | |
| ESKD primary cause | 0.03 | |||
| Glomerulonephritis/cystic kidney | 21,662 (8.8) | 4,859 (8.2) | 16,803 (8.9) | |
| Diabetes | 121,811 (49.2) | 28,886 (48.9) | 92,925 (49.3) | |
| Hypertension | 70,995 (28.7) | 17,147 (29.0) | 53,848 (28.6) | |
| Other | 33,212 (13.4) | 8,153 (13.8) | 25,059 (13.3) | |
| Dialysis facility | 0.02 | |||
| Nonprofit | 49,851 (20.1) | 11,475 (19.4) | 38,376 (20.3) | |
| Profit | 184,840 (74.6) | 44,547 (75.5) | 140,293 (74.4) | |
| Unknown | 12,989 (5.2) | 3023 (5.1) | 9966 (5.3) | |
| Comorbidity Index | 11.00 (8.00–13.00) | 11.00 (9.00–13.00) | 10.00 (7.00–13.00) | 0.31 |
| Number of prior admissions | 2.00 (0.00–4.00) | 2.00 (1.00–5.00) | 2.00 (0.00–4.00) | 0.27 |
| None | 67,400 (27.2) | 13,273 (22.5) | 54,127 (28.7) | 0.26 |
| 1–3 | 106,559 (43.0) | 22,759 (38.6) | 83,800 (44.4) | |
| >3 | 73,721 (29.8) | 23,013 (39.0) | 50,708 (26.9) |
ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; LOA, leave of absence; Q, quartile.
a
Percentages represent row percentage.