Table 6.
List of marine cytotoxic endophytic fungal metabolites.
| Sl No | Host plant | Fungal endophyte | Isolated cytotoxic compound/s | Tested cell line/s | Cytotoxicity | References & Units of cytotoxicity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Seaweed | Talaromyces sp | Kasanosin A Kasanosin B |
NT | – | Kimura et al., 2008 |
| 2 | Acanthophora spicifera | Curvularia sp. | Apralactone A (+)-(10E,15R)-10,11-dehydrocurvularin (+)-(15R)-12-hydroxy-10,11-E-dehydrocurvularin (+)-(15R)-13-hydroxy-10,11-E-dehydrocurvularin (+)-(11S,15R)-11-hydroxycurvularin (+)-(11R,15R)-11-hydroxycurvularin (+)-(15R)-12-oxocurvularin Compound 8 |
36 cancer cell lines | 0.28–>32.64 | Greve et al., 2008 IC50 (μM) |
| 3 | Ectyplasia perox | Phoma sp. | Epoxyphomalin A Epoxyphomalin B |
36 Human cancer cell lines | 0.017–11.42 | Mohamed et al., 2009 IC50 (μg/mL) |
| 4 | Petrosia sp | Aspergillus Versicolor | Sterigmatocystin | A549 SK-OV-3 SK-MEL-2 XF-498 HCT-15 |
1.86 2.53 1.22 2.75 4.61 |
Lee et al., 2010 IC50 (μg/mL) |
| Averantin | A549 SK-OV-3 SK-MEL-2 XF-498 HCT-15 |
3.15 3.88 3.57 3.04 3.13 |
||||
| Methylaverantin | A549 SK-OV-3 SK-MEL-2 XF-498 HCT-15 |
0.64 1.17 1.10 0.41 0.49 |
||||
| Nidurufin | A549 SK-OV-3 SK-MEL-2 XF-498 HCT-15 |
1.83 3.39 3.16 1.78 2.20 |
||||
| 5 | Sargassum kjellmanianum | Aspergillus ochraceus | 7-nor-ergosterolide | NCI-H460 SMMC-7721 SW1990 | 5 7 28 |
Cui et al., 2010a IC50 (μg/mL) |
| 3β,11α-dihydroxyergosta-8,24(28)-dien-7-one | NCI-H460 SMMC-7721 SW1990 |
NR 28 NR |
||||
| 6 | Ulva pertusa | Chaetomium globosum | Cytoglobosins A Cytoglobosins B Cytoglobosins C Cytoglobosins D Cytoglobosins E Cytoglobosins G |
A549 | >10 >10 2.26 2.25 >10 >10 |
Cui et al., 2010b IC50 (μM) |
| 7 | Limonium tubiflorum | Penicillium sp. | 11β-methoxycurvularin | K562 Jurkat U937 |
12.4 3.9 1.8 |
Aly et al., 2011 |
| 11a-methoxycurvularin 4 | K562 Jurkat U937 |
41.1 2.3 4.6 |
||||
| Dehydrocurvularin 6 | K562 Jurkat U937 |
37.0 5.5 2.5 |
||||
| 1-chloro-2,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone | K562 Jurkat U937 |
24.8 13.3 7.6 |
Among the isolated compounds, only potent compounds are included in the column “isolated compound/s”.
NA, Not active; NR, Not reported; NT, Not tested.