Table 1.
Selected characteristics (weighted column %) of US adults ages 18 and older with major depressive disorder (MDD) by antipsychotics prescription status in office-based outpatient settings, 2006–2015 NAMCS.
| Antipsychotics prescription (%) | Total | P-value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| No | Yes | |||
| Sample size (row %) | ||||
| Unweighted sample (n) | 80.3 (3,249) | 19.7 (795) | 100 (4,044) | |
| Weighted visits (N) | 80.0 (6,380,114) | 20.0 (1,596,826) | 100 (7,976,941) | |
|
| ||||
| Age | ||||
| 18–44 | 36.9 | 35.0 | 36.5 | 0.220 |
| 45–64 | 47.0 | 52.2 | 48.0 | |
| 65–74 | 10.3 | 7.9 | 9.8 | |
| 75+ | 5.8 | 4.9 | 5.6 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 67.0 | 63.3 | 66.2 | 0.186 |
| Male | 33.0 | 36.7 | 33.8 | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 81.4 | 73.0 | 79.7 | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 5.2 | 8.8 | 5.9 | |
| Hispanic | 10.0 | 15.5 | 11.1 | |
| Othera) | 3.4 | 2.7 | 3.3 | |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 24.5 | 26.2 | 24.9 | 0.030 |
| Midwest | 15.4 | 18.3 | 16.0 | |
| South | 30.8 | 34.5 | 31.5 | |
| West | 29.3 | 20.9 | 27.6 | |
| Primary source of payment | ||||
| Private | 52.9 | 39.0 | 50.1 | <0.001 |
| Medicare (<65) | 7.8 | 15.4 | 9.3 | |
| Medicare (≥65) | 10.8 | 9.8 | 10.6 | |
| Medicaid | 9.0 | 17.2 | 10.6 | |
| Otherb) | 19.5 | 18.7 | 19.4 | |
| Reason for visit | ||||
| Acute problem | 9.2 | 5.5 | 8.4 | 0.033 |
| Routine chronic problem | 88.1 | 92.2 | 88.9 | |
| Preventive care | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | |
| Pre- or post-surgery | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 | |
| Repeat of visits in the past 12 months | ||||
| 0 visit | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| 1–2 visits | 21.2 | 15.5 | 20.1 | |
| 3–5 visits | 32.6 | 26.2 | 31.3 | |
| 6+ visits | 44.1 | 57.1 | 46.7 | |
| Physician specialty | ||||
| Primary care | 13.6 | 4.8 | 11.9 | <0.001 |
| Psychiatry | 83.9 | 93.1 | 85.7 | |
| Other specialtiesc) | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.4 | |
| MSA status | ||||
| MSA | 94.0 | 90.7 | 93.4 | 0.008 |
| Non-MSA | 6.0 | 9.3 | 6.6 | |
| Psychotherapy provided | ||||
| Yes | 40.7 | 40.9 | 40.7 | 0.954 |
| No | 59.3 | 59.1 | 59.3 | |
| Mental health counseling provided | ||||
| Yes | 22.8 | 32.5 | 24.8 | <0.001 |
| No | 77.2 | 67.5 | 75.3 | |
| Time spent with doctor | ||||
| < 15 min. | 9.9 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 0.064 |
| 15–20 min. | 30.6 | 35.4 | 31.6 | |
| 21–30 min. | 26.7 | 29.9 | 27.4 | |
| > 30 min. | 32.8 | 25.1 | 31.2 | |
| Antidepressants prescribed | ||||
| Yes | 80.9 | 85.9 | 81.9 | 0.041 |
| No | 19.1 | 14.1 | 18.1 | |
| Multiple chronic conditions | ||||
| 1 | 64.3 | 62.3 | 63.9 | 0.156 |
| 2–3 | 28.3 | 32.1 | 29.0 | |
| 4+ | 7.5 | 5.6 | 7.1 | |
| Number of medications | ||||
| <3 | 56.7 | 23.3 | 49.5 | <0.001 |
| 3–5 | 34.2 | 62.6 | 40.4 | |
| 6+ | 9.0 | 14.1 | 10.2 | |
| Co-diagnosed psychiatric disorders | ||||
| Dementia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.397 |
| PTSD | 5.4 | 8.1 | 5.9 | 0.035 |
| Anxiety | 20.4 | 24.1 | 21.2 | 0.122 |
| Adjustment disorders | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.001 |
| Personality disorders | 2.4 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 0.038 |
| Depressive disorders other than MDD | 3.1 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 0.357 |
| Mild cognitive impairment | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.535 |
| Co-diagnosed substance use psychiatric disorders | ||||
| Alcohol | 3.0 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 0.337 |
| Opiates | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.560 |
| Cocaine | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.308 |
| Cannabis | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Barbiturates | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.579 |
| Amphetamines | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.698 |
| Hallucinogens | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - |
Note:
†
compares proportion differences by antipsychotics prescription status using a weight-corrected Pearson’s chi-squared statistic; and
a)
includes Asians, American Indian/Alaska Natives (AIANs), Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI), and other mixed races;
b)
includes worker’s compensation, self-pay, no charge, and others; and
c)
includes general surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, orthopedic surgery, cardiovascular diseases, dermatology, urology, neurology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and others.