Table 2.
Stratified analysis of visit proportions (weighted column %) in which antipsychotics were prescribed among US adults ages 18 and older with major depressive disorder (MDD), 2006–2015 NAMCS.
| Years (%) | Trend (2006–2015) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||||||
| 2006–2007 | 2008–2009 | 2010–2011 | 2012–2013 | 2014–2015 | Total | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Total proportion of visits with antipsychotics in MDD | 18.5 | 24.9 | 20.5 | 17.6 | 18.9 | 20.0 | 0.96 | 0.88 – 1.04 | 0.326 |
| Visits with antipsychotics in MDD with non-psychotic features | 15.9 | 22.0 | 17.8 | 16.7 | 16.3 | 17.7 | 0.97 | 0.89 – 1.05 | 0.425 |
| Visits with antipsychotics in MDD with psychotic features | 68.4 | 83.6 | 55.8 | 52.1 | 75.2 | 66.9 | 0.96 | 0.74 – 1.26 | 0.786 |
| Total proportion of visits in which antidepressants were prescribed along with antipsychotics | 18.5 | 24.5 | 22.5 | 18.5 | 20.9 | 21.0 | 0.99 | 0.91 – 1.08 | 0.891 |
| Visits in which antidepressants were prescribed along with antipsychotics in MDD with non-psychotic features | 16.1 | 21.7 | 19.6 | 17.3 | 17.7 | 18.5 | 0.99 | 0.91 – 1.08 | 0.850 |
| Visits in which antidepressants were prescribed along with antipsychotics in MDD with psychotic features | 70.8 | 82.8 | 67.4 | 63.8 | 75.2 | 72.6 | 0.98 | 0.73 – 1.33 | 0.913 |
| Age | |||||||||
| 18–44 | 14.1 | 25.4 | 22.7 | 14.6 | 18.4 | 19.2 | 0.98 | 0.88 – 1.10 | 0.761 |
| 45–64 | 20.5 | 25.1 | 21.2 | 21.3 | 20.9 | 21.7 | 0.98 | 0.87 – 1.11 | 0.778 |
| 65–74 | 20.7 | 24.2 | 8.3 | 16.0 | 15.7 | 16.1 | 0.90 | 0.67 – 1.22 | 0.504 |
| 75+ | 27.0 | 21.9 | 19.8 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 17.5 | 0.73 | 0.56 – 0.95 | 0.019 |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Female | 17.1 | 22.6 | 21.9 | 15.6 | 18.6 | 19.1 | 0.97 | 0.88 – 1.08 | 0.595 |
| Male | 21.7 | 30.2 | 17.9 | 22.0 | 19.6 | 21.8 | 0.93 | 0.80 – 1.08 | 0.331 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 17.2 | 22.9 | 17.9 | 16.4 | 17.9 | 18.3 | 0.97 | 0.89 – 1.06 | 0.470 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 35.1 | 43.1 | 31.9 | 21.9 | 16.9 | 29.8 | 1.09 | 0.54 – 0.99 | 0.044 |
| Hispanic | 22.7 | 28.0 | 30.3 | 26.4 | 31.4 | 28.0 | 1.08 | 0.78 – 1.48 | 0.646 |
| Othera) | 12.5 | 16.3 | 18.8 | 11.5 | 19.2 | 16.6 | 1.09 | 0.72 – 1.64 | 0.686 |
| Source of payment | |||||||||
| Private | 11.7 | 20.7 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 17.7 | 15.9 | 1.06 | 0.93 – 1.20 | 0.395 |
| Medicare (<65) | 35.9 | 42.8 | 37.4 | 24.6 | 21.6 | 33.0 | 0.78 | 0.61 – 1.00 | 0.054 |
| Medicare (≥65) | 30.9 | 25.3 | 13.6 | 16.3 | 13.5 | 18.6 | 0.77 | 0.59 – 1.00 | 0.049 |
| Medicaid | 31.7 | 31.7 | 34.3 | 26.0 | 39.2 | 32.3 | 1.03 | 0.85 – 1.26 | 0.736 |
| Otherb) | 20.6 | 18.2 | 22.4 | 19.3 | 16.6 | 19.3 | 0.95 | 0.81 – 1.11 | 0.491 |
| Physician specialty | |||||||||
| Primary care | 6.4 | 20.9 | 7.2 | 2.8 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 0.79 | 0.55 – 1.13 | 0.191 |
| Psychiatry | 20.0 | 25.6 | 22.4 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 21.8 | 0.97 | 0.89 – 1.06 | 0.533 |
| Otherc) | 3.0 | 4.6 | 22.5 | 23.8 | 15.8 | 16.9 | 1.20 | 0.74 – 1.94 | 0.458 |
|
| |||||||||
| Sample Size | Total | ||||||||
|
|
|||||||||
| Unweighted sample | 632 | 671 | 782 | 1,318 | 641 | 4,044 | |||
| Weighted visits | 1,412,102 | 1,458,356 | 1,726,968 | 1,545,536 | 1,833,979 | 7,976,941 | |||
Note:
a)
includes Asians, American Indian/Alaska Natives (AIANs), Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI), and other mixed races;
b)
includes worker’s compensation, self-pay, no charge, and others; and
c)
includes general surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, orthopedic surgery, cardiovascular diseases, dermatology, urology, neurology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and others.