Table 4.

Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for antipsychotic prescriptions among adults ages 18 and older with major depressive disorder, 2006–2015 NAMCS.

(Reference group in a parenthesis)	AOR	95% CI
Race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White)
Non-Hispanic Black	2.56**	1.50 – 4.36
Hispanic	1.69**	1.16 – 2.46
Othera)	0.93	0.47 – 1.82
Primary source of payment (Private)
Medicare (<65)	2.16***	1.50 – 3.10
Medicare (≥65)	1.16	0.77 – 1.76
Medicaid	2.06**	1.36 – 3.12
Otherb)	1.18	0.88 – 1.57
Repeat of visits in the past 12 months (None)
1–2 visits	1.02	0.47 – 2.20
3–5 visits	1.12	0.53 – 2.35
6+ visits	1.64	0.79 – 3.42
Physician specialty (Psychiatry)
Otherc)	0.29***	0.18 – 0.48
MSA status (MSA)
Non-MSA	1.17	0.78 – 1.77
Mental health counseling provided (No)
Yes	1.47**	1.12 – 1.94
Number of medications (<3)
3+	5.78***	4.39 – 7.60
Adjustment disorder (No)
Yes	0.12**	0.02 – 0.60
Cannabis use disorder (No)
Yes	2.66*	1.17 – 6.06
Sample size
Unweighted sample	4,044
Weighted visits	7,976,941
F-statistic	18.26***

Note:

^***<0.001;

^**<0.01;

^*<0.05.

^a)includes Asians, American Indian/Alaska Natives (AIANs), Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI), and other mixed races;

^b)includes worker’s compensation, self-pay, no charge, and others; and

^c)includes primary care, general surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, orthopedic surgery, cardiovascular diseases, dermatology, urology, neurology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and others.