Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted1 geometric means of premenopausal estrogen metabolism measures by body fatness at age 5
| Geometric mean by body fatness pictogram | P-trend1,2 | P-trend2,3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5+ | |||
| N4 | 117 | 196 | 164 | 73 | 43 | ||
| Individual and grouped estrogens/estrogen metabolites (EM) (pmol/mg creatinine) | |||||||
| All EM combined | 223.7 | 189.2 | 194.6 | 180.0 | 197.7 | 0.03 | 0.30 |
| Parent estrogens | 49.8 | 39.1 | 39.8 | 37.3 | 44.1 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
| Estrone | 33.0 | 25.2 | 26.7 | 24.9 | 29.2 | 0.06 | 0.15 |
| Estradiol | 15.4 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 11.7 | 13.7 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Catechols | 78.8 | 60.7 | 63.2 | 54.4 | 62.9 | 0.01 | 0.50 |
| 2-catechols | 67.9 | 52.3 | 53.5 | 46.3 | 52.5 | 0.01 | 0.44 |
| 2-Hydroxyestrone | 60.5 | 46.1 | 47.0 | 40.6 | 46.2 | 0.01 | 0.39 |
| 2-Hydroxyestradiol | 6.4 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 0.11 | 0.89 |
| 4-catechols | |||||||
| 4-Hydroxyestrone | 7.6 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 6.8 | 0.18 | 0.34 |
| Methylated catechols | 12.6 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 0.02 | 0.45 |
| Methylated 2-catechols | 12.2 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 10.9 | 0.03 | 0.45 |
| 2-Methoxyestrone | 9.7 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 8.7 | 0.05 | 0.61 |
| 2-Methoxyestradiol | 0.82 | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.61 | 0.77 | 0.20 | 0.83 |
| 2-Hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.13 | 0.58 |
| Methylated 4-catechols | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.46 |
| 4-Methoxyestrone | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.65 |
| 4-Methoxyestradiol | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.89 |
| 2-Hydroxylation Pathway | 81.1 | 63.5 | 63.9 | 55.5 | 64.1 | 0.01 | 0.37 |
| 4-Hydroxylation Pathway | 8.6 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 7.9 | 0.17 | 0.36 |
| 16-Hydroxylation Pathway | 69.2 | 63.4 | 60.0 | 64.1 | 66.4 | 0.41 | 0.67 |
| 16α-Hydroxyestrone | 12.4 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 0.09 | 0.34 |
| Estriol | 28.7 | 28.8 | 26.4 | 29.3 | 30.4 | 0.96 | 0.81 |
| 17-Epiestriol | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.76 | 0.59 |
| 16-Ketoestradiol | 15.3 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 0.09 | 0.57 |
| 16-Epiestriol | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 6.7 | 0.87 | 0.93 |
| Ratios (pmol/pmol) | |||||||
| 2-Hydroxyestrone/16α-Hydroxyestrone | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 0.63 | 0.78 |
| 4-Pathway/2-Pathway | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.73 |
| 2-Pathway/16-Pathway | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.16 | 0.83 |
| 2,4-Pathway/16-Pathway | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.23 | 0.94 |
| 2-Catechols/Methylated 2-catechols | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 0.28 | 0.67 |
| 4-Catechols/Methylated 4-catechols | 32.4 | 26.3 | 27.1 | 29.4 | 45.1 | 0.37 | 0.98 |
| Catechols/Methylated catechols | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 0.46 | 0.73 |
| 2-Pathway/Parent estrogens | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.11 | 0.50 |
| 4-Pathway/Parent estrogens | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.86 | 0.51 |
| 16-Pathway/Parent estrogens | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.69 | 0.47 |
| Parent estrogens/2-, 4-, 16-Pathways | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.55 | 0.37 |
1
Adjusted for age at urine collection, ovulatory cycle, luteal phase of sample, first morning urine sample, age at first birth/parity, physical activity, alcohol intake, caffeine intake, current smoker, current menstrual cycle length, and current menstrual cycle regularity.
2
Tests for trend were conducted by modeling the five body fatness scores as a continuous exposure and calculating the Wald statistic. Statistically significant P for trend are shown in bold.
3
Additionally adjusted for BMI (continuous) at urine collection.
4
Ten participants did not report body fatness at age 5.