Table 1.
Demographic and neuropsychological test data for young and older adults.
| Young Adults | Older Adults | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F) | 11/13 | 11/13 | - |
| Age | 23.50 (3.27) | 69.42 (3.83) | - |
| Education | 16.25 (2.03) | 17.33 (2.96) | 0.147 |
| MMSE | 29.54 (0.66) | 29.21 (0.83) | 0.131 |
| CVLT Short Delay – Free | 13.17 (1.76) | 10.75 (3.38) | 0.004 |
| CVLT Short Delay – Cued | 13.75 (1.70) | 11.83 (2.78) | 0.006 |
| CVLT Long Delay – Free | 13.83 (1.76) | 11.13 (3.33) | 0.001 |
| CVLT Long Delay – Cued | 14.17 (1.49) | 11.88 (3.00) | 0.002 |
| CVLT Recognition – Hits | 15.50 (0.78) | 14.88 (1.42) | 0.067 |
| CVLT Recognition – False Alarms | 0.54 (0.66) | 2.13 (2.35) | 0.004 |
| Logical Memory I | 30.29 (4.32) | 28.63 (6.50) | 0.302 |
| Logical Memory II | 27.71 (5.20) | 25.08 (6.75) | 0.139 |
| Digit Span Total1 | 21.54 (3.82) | 18.96 (3.18) | 0.014 |
| Symbol-Digit | 61.17 (12.67) | 51.04 (7.97) | 0.002 |
| Trails A (secs) | 21.96 (8.64) | 26.93 (8.68) | 0.053 |
| Trails B (secs) | 52.07 (21.46) | 65.22 (21.58) | 0.040 |
| FAS Total | 44.54 (9.35) | 45.54 (8.33) | 0.697 |
| Category Fluency (Animals) | 22.71 (4.91) | 20.71 (5.84) | 0.206 |
| WTAR (Raw) | 40.58 (3.24) | 43.46 (4.12) | 0.010 |
| Raven’s (List 1) | 11.00 (1.06) | 8.83 (2.04) | < 0.001 |
Note. Standard deviations are reported in parentheses. The p-values were obtained from Welch t-tests comparing young and older adults.
1
Digit span total equals the sum of forward and backward span.