Table 2.
Univariable predictors of co-occurring Hair Pulling Disorder (HPD) in TS patients
| Predictor | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | SE | z | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female Sex | 11 (38) | 2.21 (1.02–4.78) | 0.87 | 2.02 | 0.04 |
| OCD | 19 (70) | 2.16 (0.94–5.01) | 0.93 | 1.80 | 0.07 |
| ADHD | 11 (46) | 0.94 (0.42–2.13) | 0.39 | −0.14 | 0.89 |
| SPD | 9 (35) | 3.89 (1.68–9.01) | 1.67 | 3.18 | 0.001 |
| Family history of TS or OCD | 19 (70) | 2.09 (0.90–4.83) | 0.89 | 1.72 | 0.08 |
| Family history of TS | 8 (30) | 1.25 (0.54–2.91) | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.60 |
| Family history of OCD | 16 (59) | 1.88 (0.86–4.10) | 0.75 | 1.58 | 0.12 |
| Family history of HPDb | 3 (11) | 1.91 (0.55–6.59) | 1.21 | 1.03 | 0.30 |
| Mean (SD) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Age at interview (years) | 24.5 (14.6) | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 0.01 | 2.21 | 0.03 |
| TS age of onset (years) | 5.6 (3.4) | 0.92 (0.80–1.08) | 0.07 | −1.00 | 0.32 |
| OCD age of onset (years) | 6.7 (3.4) | 0.96 (0.84–1.11) | 0.07 | −0.53 | 0.60 |
| YGTSS Total scorea | 34.9 (9.1) | 1.05 (1.01–1.11) | 0.03 | 2.25 | 0.024 |
| YGTSS Motor scorea | 19.9 (3.8) | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) | 0.06 | 2.87 | 0.004 |
| YGTSS Phonic scorea | 15.0 (6.0) | 1.05 (0.97–1.12) | 0.04 | 1.20 | 0.23 |
| Y-BOCS Total scorea | 28.8 (7.7) | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 0.04 | 2.84 | 0.005 |
OCD=obsessive-compulsive disorder; ADHD=attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; TS=Tourette syndrome; HPD=Hair Pulling Disorder; SPD=Excoriation/Skin Picking Disorder; YGTSS=Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; Y-BOCS=Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; SD=standard deviation;
a
lifetime worst-ever scores;
b
Information on SPD family history not available.