Table 5. Multivariate analysis for the factors predicting longer overall survival (Cox regression model) at the time of initial diagnosis of glioblastoma.

Variables	Hazard ratio	95% CI	p value
Age (<50 yrs vs. ≥50 yrs)	2.942	2.044–3.839	0.011
Surgical extent
(STR and GTR vs. Bx)	3.101	2.416–3.786	0.008
(GTR vs. STR)	1.894	1.182–2.606	0.043
RPA class
(III vs. IV–V)	3.345	2.385–4.305	0.004
(IV vs. V)	1.828	1.227–2.429	0.039
Methylation status of MGMT gene promoter (methylated vs. unmethylated)	2.435	1.685–3.185	0.025
KPS score (≥80 vs. <80)	2.502	1.593–3.421	0.024
ECOG/WHO performance status (0–1 vs. 2–5)	1.691	1.091–2.307	0.047
NANO scale (0–7 vs. 8–23)	2.763	1.704–3.822	0.020

Bx, biopsy; CI, confidence interval; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; GTR, gross total resection; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Scale; MGMT, O6-methyl guanine DNA methyltransferase; NANO, Neurological Assessment of Neuro-Oncology; RPA, recursive partitioning analysis; STR; subtotal resection; WHO, World Health Organization