Table 1.

Determinants of participation in biopsy-based kidney research

Characteristic	Additional pass to donate tissue to researcha		P valueb
	Yes (n = 85)	No (n = 32)
Demographics and comorbidities
Age, yr	54 (43, 65)	64 (51, 72)	0.02
Female sex	42 (49%)	17 (53%)	0.72
Race/ethnicity			0.008
White, non-Hispanic	50 (59%)	14 (44%)
Black, non-Hispanic	17 (20%)	16 (50%)
Hispanic	12 (14%)	2 (6%)
Other or unknown	6 (7%)	0 (0%)
Site			0.71
York Street	64 (75%)	23 (72%)
St. Raphael’s	21 (25%)	9 (28%)
Comorbidities
Diabetes	25 (29%)	8 (25%)	0.64
Hypertension	63 (74%)	26 (81%)	0.42
Chronic kidney disease	49 (58%)	19 (59%)	0.87
Congestive heart failure	9 (11%)	6 (19%)	0.24
Biopsy-related factors
Indication for biopsy
Acute kidney injury	26 (31%)	11 (34%)	0.19
Acute kidney disease	41 (48%)	10 (31%)
Progressive chronic kidney disease	18 (21%)	11 (34%)
Location of biopsy
Inpatient	31 (36%)	14 (44%)	0.47
Outpatient	54 (64%)	18 (56%)
Type of imaging guidance			0.67
Computed tomography	28 (33%)	13 (41%)
Ultrasonography	54 (64%)	19 (59%)
Fluoroscopy	1 (1%)	0 (0%)
Level of training of operator			0.08
Attending physician	57 (67%)	16 (50%)
Fellow or resident	27 (32%)	16 (50%)
Department of operator			0.90
Nephrology	51 (60%)	19 (59%)
Radiology	33 (39%)	13 (41%)
Number of biopsy passes	3 (2, 3)	3 (2, 3)	0.63
Number of cores obtained	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 3)	0.91
Survey-related factors
Time from biopsy to survey, mo	9 (5, 13)	8 (5, 13)	0.75
<6 mo	24 (28%)	13 (41%)	0.24
6−12 mo	35 (41%)	8 (25%)
>12 mo	26 (31%)	11 (34%)
Number of times contacted for survey	2 (1, 2)	2 (1, 2.5)	0.76
Type of contact			0.26
In-person	8 (9%)	1 (3%)
Telephone call	77 (91%)	31 (97%)
Postbiopsy complications
Pain during biopsy	2 (1, 4)	1 (1, 3.5)	0.28
Anxiety at the time of biopsy	2 (1, 6)	3 (1, 7)	0.43
Hematuria after biopsy	8 (9%)	1 (3%)	0.27

^an (%) or Median (interquartile range) reported.

^bWilcoxon rank-sum test or χ² test.