Figure 4. Antibacterial properties of bioactive-glass containing orthodontic bonding agents tested in the present study (n = 21, 3 samples for each group).

CF, Charmfil^TM Flow (A2 shade, Denkist, Seoul, Korea); TXT, Transbond^TM XT (3M, Monrovia, CA, USA).

A0: 58-SiO, 33-CaO, 9-P₂O₅; A1: 58-SiO, 32-CaO, 9-P₂O₅, 1-Ag₂O; A1Z5: 58-SiO, 27-CaO, 9-P₂O₅, 1-Ag₂O, 5-ZnO; Z5: 58-SiO, 28-CaO, 9-P₂O₅, 5-ZnO.

^a-dDifferent superscripts indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). The error bars represent the standard deviation in each group.