. 2018 May 2;3(3):e00176-18. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00176-18

TABLE 2 .

HPV prevalence, cytological results, intestinal helminthes, and anemia prevalence among subject-based urban groups

Variable	Value of variable for:				P value^a
	Amerindians in the following urbanization group:			Mestizos	P value^a
	Low	Medium	High	Mestizos	Amerindians from urban groups	Amerindians high vs mestizos
Prevalence (%) of any HPV type^b (n/N) [95% CI]	63.6 (14/22) [41–82]	68.2 (15/22) [45–85]	78.3 (18/23) [56–92]	79.2 (19/24) [57–92]	0.546	1.000
HPV^b prevalence (%) by age (n/N) [95% CI]
≤35 years old	57.2 (8/14) [30–81]	69.0 (9/13) [39–90]	75.0 (12/16) [47–92]	75.0 (15/20) [51–90]	0.657	1.000
>35 years old	75.0 (6/8) [36–96]	67.0 (6/9) [31–91]	85.7 (6/7) [40–100]	100 (4/4) [40–100]	0.843	1.000
Prevalence (%) of any HPV type^b excluding women with cervical abnormality (n/N) [95% CI]	60 (12/20) [36–80]	61.1 (11/18) [36–82]	77.2 (17/22) [54–91]	86.6 (19/22) [64–96]	0.414	1.000
Prevalence (%) of any high-risk HPV type^b (n/N) [95% CI]	54.5 (12/22) [33–75]	68.2 (15/22) [45–85]	78.3 (18/23) [56–92]	62.5 (15/24) [41–80]	0.237	0.389
Prevalence (%) of multiple HPV types^c among HPV-positive women (n/N) [95% CI]	71.4 (10/14) [42–90]	66.7 (10/15) [39–87]	38.9 (7/18) [18–64]	61.2 (11/19) [36–82]	0.124	0.408
Prevalence (%) of cervical abnormalities (n/N) [95% CI]	9.1 (2/22) [1.6–31]	18.2 (4^g/22) [6.0–41]	4.3 (1/23) [0.2–24]	0.0 (0/22^d) [0.0–15]	0.287	0.489
Prevalence (%) of cervical inflammation (n/N) [95% CI]	100 (22/22) [82–100]	100 (22/22) [82–100]	95.7 (22/23) [76–100]	100 (22/22^d) [82–100]	1.000	1.000
Prevalence (%) of intestinal helminthes^e (n/N) [95% CI]	75 (15/20) [51–90]	65 (13/20) [41–84]	33.3 (5/15) [13–61]	28.6 (2/7) [5.1–70]	0.038	1.000
Prevalence (%) of anemia^f (n/N) [95% CI]	27.3 (6/22) [12–50]	27.3 (6/22) [12–50]	13.0 (3/23) [3.4–35]	0.0 (0/24) [0.0–17]	0.415	0.218

^aThe P values comparing the values for Amerindians in the high urbanization group compared to the values for mestizos are shown in the rightmost column. P value reached significant differences (P < 0.05) after Holm correction for multiple comparisons. The χ² test or Fisher’s exact test was used.

^{^b}

High-risk HPV detected by the LiPA25 test: HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59. Low-risk HPV detected by the LiPA25 test: HPV types 6, 11, 34, 40, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 66, 68/73, 70, and 74. Note that any incidence in type 68/73 is counted as one HPV type.

^{^c}

More than one HPV from any risk type.

^{^d}

Two cytology results from mestizo group were excluded because of poor-quality smears.

^{^e}

Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis diminuta, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Ancylostomatidae.

^{^f}

Hemoglobin levels lower than 120 (grams/liter), according to the WHO.

^{^g}

One woman was negative by cytology but positive by biopsy specimen.