Table 1.
Studies on the bite force measurement/estimation in dogs and cats.
| Animal | Measured/estimated location | Bite force (Newton, N) | Measurement/estimation method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dog | Not specified | 13–1,394 | Measured by chewing transducer rolled with the rawhide (22) |
| Canine teeth Molar teeth |
147–926 574–3,417 |
Maximum bite force measurement by electronic stimulations (26) | |
| Canine teeth | 300* 340* 571* 588* |
Bite force estimation using equations of Kiltie (27) Thomason (28) Kiltie (26) (adjusted) Thomason (26) (adjusted) |
|
| Molar teeth | 755* 849* 1,949* 2,036* |
Kiltie (27) Thomason (28) Kiltie (26) (adjusted) Thomason (26) (adjusted) |
|
| Canine teeth Carnassial teeth |
351.5* 549.8* |
Bite force estimation using Thomason’s equation (29) | |
| Canine teeth Carnassial teeth |
231.99–511.80a 620.33–1,091.1b |
Bite force estimation using finite element analysis (35) | |
| Cat | Canine teeth Carnassial teeth |
73.3* 118.1* |
Maximal bite force estimation using Thomason’s equation (29) |
*Values are the average of measured/estimated bite force.
a,bVarious estimated bite forces according to the gape angles between 5 and 65°.