Figure 3.

Tubular brush border of kidney sections from mice of control plus vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 1 ml/kg/day i.p.), control plus flavocoxid (20 mg/kg/day i.p.), CdCl₂ (2 mg/kg/day i.p.) plus vehicle, and CdCl₂ plus flavocoxid groups (periodic acid-Schiff stain). (a, b) In both control plus vehicle and control plus flavocoxid-treated mice, the proximal tubules show a regular and well-stained brush border. (c) In CdCl₂-challenged mice, the brush border is particularly thin or absent (arrowhead) and the tubular epithelium shows structural changes (arrow), with mild interstitial edema. (d) In CdCl₂-challenged mice administered with flavocoxid, the brush border has normal organization. (e) Tubular damage evaluation indicated by the brush border behavior. ^∗p < 0.05 versus both controls and ^†p < 0.05 versus CdCl₂ plus vehicle (scale bar: 50 μm).