Table 1.

Composition of experimental diets.

Ingredient	HFD	HFD + 1% GLE	HFD + 5% GLE
Casein	23.31	23.31	23.31
Sucrose	20.14	20.14	20.14
Dextrose	11.65	11.65	11.65
Corn starch	8.48	7.48	3.48
Cellulose	5.83	5.83	5.83
Soybean oil	2.91	2.91	2.91
Lard	20.69	20.69	20.69
Mineral mix(1)	5.24	5.24	5.24
Vitamin mix(1)	1.17	1.17	1.17
L-Cysteine	0.35	0.35	0.35
Choline bitartrate	0.23	0.23	0.23
GLE(2)		1.00	5.00

HFD: high-fat diet, HFD + 1% GLE: HFD containing 1% Glehnia littoralis root extract (GLE); HFD + 5% GLE: HFD containing 5% GLE. ⁽¹⁾Mineral and vitamin mixtures were based on the AIN-93 standard diet for rodents. ⁽²⁾Glehnia littoralis root extract powder.