Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Patients Baseline (b) | Patients Follow- up (f) | p value (b-f) | Controls ( c) | P value (b-c) | P value (f-c) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 85 | 85 | 106 | |||
| Age-years | 24,21(6,028) | 25,21 (6,028) | 25,43(6,428) | 0,21 | ||
| Sex- nº(%) | ||||||
| Male | 60(70,6) | - | 70(66,0) | 0,503 | ||
| Female | 25(29,4) | - | 36(34,0) | |||
| Age of psychosis onset | 24,37(5,93) | - | ||||
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||||
| High | 16(18,8) | - | 14(13,2) | 0,01 | ||
| Medium-High | 7(8,2) | - | 17(16,0) | |||
| Medium | 30(35,3)* | - | 54(50,9) | |||
| Medium-Low | 24(28,2) | - | 19(17,9) | |||
| Low | 8(9,4)* | - | 2(1,9) | |||
| Ethnic group | ||||||
| Caucasian | 79(92,9) | - | 96(90,6) | 0,344 | ||
| Gipsy | 1(1,2) | - | 0(0,0) | |||
| Maghrebian | 1(1,2) | - | 2(1,9) | |||
| Asian | 1(1,2) | - | 0(0,0) | |||
| Caribbean | 1(1,2) | - | 0(0,0) | |||
| Hispanic | 2(2,4) | - | 6(5,7) | |||
| Others | 0 (0,0) | - | 2(1,9) | |||
| Diagnosis nº(%) | ||||||
| Affective Psychosis* | 17(20) | 17(20) | 0,026 | - | ||
| Non-affective Psychosis | 68(80) | 62(72,9) | - | |||
| Drugs Psychosis | 0(0,0) | 0(0,0) | - | |||
| No psychosis | 0(0,0) | 6(7,1) | - | |||
| Psychopathology score | ||||||
| PANSS POSITIVE | 10,67(5,379) | 8,01(5,032) | <0,001 | - | ||
| PANSS NEGATIVE | 14,58(6,27) | 11,76(8,149) | 0,001 | - | ||
| PANSS GENERAL | 26,47(9,75) | 20,524(11,9) | <0,001 | - | ||
| PANSS TOTAL | 51,72(19,23) | 40,29(23,6) | <0,001 | - | ||
| YOUNG | 1,45(3,25) | 1,39(3,5) | 0,711 | - | ||
| Montgomery-Asberg | 6,51(6,52) | 5,75(6,71) | 0,096 | - | ||
| Global functioning score (GAF) | 68,60(13,88) | 72,08(17,22) | 0,005 | - | ||
| DUP | 68,58(77,29) | - | ||||
| Antipsycohotic medications - n(%) | ||||||
| None | 17(20,0) | 21(25,9) | - | |||
| Risperidone | 30(35,3) | 21(25,9) | - | |||
| Aripiprazole | 9(10,6) | 15(18,5) | - | |||
| Olanzapine | 9(10,6) | 6(7,4) | - | |||
| Quetiapine | 6(7,1) | 5(6,2) | - | |||
| Clozapine | 5(5,9) | 6(7,4) | - | |||
| Ziprasidone | 2(2,4) | 2(2,5) | - | |||
| Paliperidone | 7(8,2) | 5(6,2) | - | |||
| DDD | 282,19(253,04) | 298,06(303,16) | 0,903 | - | ||
| Lithium n(%) | 8(9,4) | 7(8,2) | 0,824 | - | ||
| Body mass index | 24,83(3,92)* | 24,65(5,73) | 0,06 | 23,14(3,16) | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Tobacco use per month, n cigarettes | 238,9(259,08)* | 241,98(254,1) | 0,881 | 45,38(119,3) | <0,001 | <0,001 |
| Cotinine, ng/ml | 86,73(84,46) | 97,28(84,50) | 0,192 | 26,28(49,31) | <0,001 | <0,001 |
| Cotinine, ng/ml | ||||||
| minor PC n(%) | 31(39,7) | 29(34,9) | 0,529 | 60(70,6) | <0,001 | <0,001 |
| major PC n(%) | 47(60,3) | 54(65,1) | 25(29,4) | |||
| CANNABIS use n(%) | 18(21,2)* | 4(5,1) | 0,003 | 14(15,9) | 0,372 | 0,325 |
| CANNABIS use per month, n cigarettes | 4,71(19,36) | 1,09(6,37) | 0,092 | 1,15(6,36) | 0,657 | 0,345 |
DUP: duration of untreated psychosis.
DDD: Defined daily dose of chlorpromazine equivalents (mg).
* Affective psycho.sis includes DSM-IV diagnosis of unipolar depression or bipolar disorder with psychotic features and schizoaffective disorder.