Table 1.

Antioxidant properties and main analysis of studies found citing cashew, cajui, and pequi.

Species, family, and popular name	Parts used	Antioxidant assay	Analysis	Dose of the test	Country	Animal model	Number of groups	Sex	Extract used	References
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Leaves	FRAP; DPPH; TAC	In vitro	1 mg/mL	Nigeria	—	—	—	Fraction	Ajileye et al., 2015 [23]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit	DPPH; TAC	In vitro	?	Brazil	—	—	—	Crude	Alves et al., 2013 [24]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Cashew nut	DPPH; xanthine	In vitro In vivo antioxidant assay (the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model)	100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/mL	Brazil	—	—	—	Cashew nut shell liquid	[21]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit	DPPH; TBARS	In vitro In vivo	200/400 mg/kg	Brazil	Rats	24	Males	Crude	[12]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit	TPC; BETA CAR/LIN; TBARS	In vitro	0.5 mg/mL	Sri Lanka	—	—	—	Crude	[22]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Stem bark	DPPH; TPC	In vitro In vivo	40.2, 127, and 402 mg/kg	Africa	Mice	28 mice 7 groups (n = 4)	Males	Crude	[25]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Stem bark	DPPH; xanthine	In vitro	?	United States of America	—	—	—	Fractions	[26]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fibers and fruit	ABTS; TPC	In vitro	500 mL juice	Brazil	—	—	—	Crude	[27]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit	DPPH; BETA CAR/LIN	In vitro	20–300 g pulp fruit 1 : 2 water	Brazil	—	—	—	Crude	[28]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit peels	DPPH; TSP; ABTS; AOC	In vitro	1 g of freeze-dried peel	Mexico	—	—	—	Crude	Moo-Huchin et al., 2015 [13]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit peels	Gastric nitrate/nitrite levels; SOD; CAT; TBARS	In vivo	30 mg/kg	Brazil	Mice and rats	8 animals per group	Males	Anacardic acids	[29]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit peels	TAC; TPC; ABTS	In vitro	?	Brazil	—	—	—	Crude	[30]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit	DPPH; ABTS; TPC	In vitro	1 g	Brazil	—	—	—	Crude	[31]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Leaves	DPPH; TPC; FRP	In vitro	0.3 and 1.0 g/50 mL of methanol	Malaysia	—	—	—	Crude	[32]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Nut, fiber, and fruit	Xanthine	In vitro	10 mg/mL	Brazil	—	—	—	Fractions	[14]
Anacardium microcarpum Anacardiaceae Cajui	Stem barks	DPPH; TBARS	In vitro In vivo	1–400 μg/mL	Brazil	Rats	?	?	Fractions	[15]
Anacardium microcarpum Anacardiaceae Cajui	Stem barks	TPC; ABTS; SOD; CAT; GST	In vitro	1–400 μg/mL, 1, and 10 mg/mL	Brazil	—	—	—	Crude/fractions	[33]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Leaves	ABTS; human fibroblast culture	In vitro	0.2–0.025% w/v	Brazil	—	—	—	Supercritical CO2	[10]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Oil	DPPH; TAC; BETA CAR/LIN	In vitro	0.2 g/L	Brazil	—	—	—	Oil	[34]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Oil	DPPH; TPC; ILP; HCA; TAC	In vitro	?	Brazil	—	—	—	Crude	[20]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Fruits	TPC; TBARS	In vivo	0.1 g/mL	Brazil	Mice	10 gr. with 8 anim	Both	Crude	[35]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Fruits	TBARS	In vivo	0.5 mL·kg−1 and 1.0 mL·kg−1	Brazil	Mice	6 gr. with 8 anim	Both	Crude	[36]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Fruits	DPPH; ABTS; FRAP; BETA CAR/LIN	In vitro	0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/mL	Brazil	—	—	—	Crude	[37]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Leaves	DPPH	In vitro	10.0 mg/mL	Brazil.	—	—	—	Crude	[38]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Oil	TPC; TBARS; ORAC; SOD; CAT; GPX	In vivo	3 mL/kg	Brazil	Rats	40	Males	Crude	[39]

? = not informed; gr = groups; anim = animals; ABTS = 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; AOC = antioxidant capacity; BETA CAR/LIN = β-carotene-linoleate model system; xanthine = hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase assay; DPPH = radical scavenging assay; FRAP = ferric reducing antioxidant power; FRP = ferric reducing power; ORAC = oxygen radical absorbance capacity; TAC = total anthocyanin content; TPC = total phenolic content; TSP = total soluble phenols; TBARS = thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; HCA = total hydroxycinnamic acid content; ILP = inhibition of lipid peroxidation; SOD = superoxide dismutase; CAT = catalase; GPX = glutathione reductase; GST = glutathione-S-transferase.