Table 2.

Antimicrobial properties and main analysis of studies found citing cashew, cajui, and pequi in vivo and in vitro.

Species, family, and popular name	Parts used	Antimicrobial assay	Analysis	In vivo	Dose of the test	Country	Tested microorganism	Extract used	References
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Leaves	Agar diffusion test	In vitro	—	50–200 mg/mL	Cuba	Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus subtilis; Salmonella entérica; Shigella sp.; Escherichia coli	Crude/fractions	[19]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew		Agar diffusion test/∗MIC	In vitro	—		Nigeria	Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Proteus mirabilis; Bacillus subtilis; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Clostridium sporogens; Candida albicans; Candida pseudotropicalis	Fraction	Ajileye et al., 2015 [23]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Fruit peels	MIC	In vitro	—	50 μg/mL	Brazil	Staphylococcus aureus	Fraction	[9]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew		MIC	In vitro	—	100–0.19 mg/mL	Brazil	Staphylococcus aureus	Crude	[40]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Stem bark	Agar diffusion test	In vitro	—	12.5% and 50%	Brazil	Streptococcus mitis; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis; Streptococcus sobrinus	Crude	[41]
Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew	Leaves		In vitro	—	3 g and 10 g/100 mL of methanol	Malaysia	Brevibacillus brevis; Micrococcus luteus; Staphylococcus cohnii; Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella enterica	Crude	[32]
Anacardium microcarpum Anacardiaceae Cajui	Stem barks	MIC; modulationof the antibiotic activity	In vitro	—	1024 μg/mL	Brazil	Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	Fractions	[42]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Leaves	MIC; antiseptic activity	In vitro	—	11.25–100 mg/mL	Brazil	Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	Supercritical CO2	[10]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Fruits and leaves	MIC; ∗∗MFC	In vitro In vivo	Acute oral toxicity evaluation of the most active extract; female mice, Swiss at the age of 8 weeks	2000 and 1.95 μg/mL 5000–2000 mg/kg (toxicity)	Brazil	Alternaria solani; Alternaria alternata; Botrytis cinérea; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Mucor hiemalis; Phytophthora infestans; Venturia pirina	Crude	[43]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Oil	Agar diffusion test	In vitro In vivo	Cytotoxicity screening, performed on the Artemia nauplii	10 mg/mL	Brazil	Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Escherichia coli	Oil	[34]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Leaves	Agar diffusion test/MIC	In vitro	—	1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/mL	Brazil	Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	Crude	[38]
Caryocar brasiliense Caryocaracea Pequi	Fruit peels	Agar diffusion test	In vitro	—	200–500 mg/mL	Brazil	Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli	Crude	[44]

^∗MIC = minimal inhibitory concentration; ^∗∗MFC = minimal fungicidal concentration.