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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2017 Jul;26(4):303–310. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000334

Table 1.

Studies Evaluating Endothelin-1 in Intradialytic Hypertension

Author Subjects Intradialytic Hypertension Definition Intradialytic Hypertension Patients Controls
Van Buren et al.(11) n=36 SBP increase >10 mmHg in 4/6 treatments ET-1 (pg/mL):
Pre-HD: 2.1
Post-HD: 2.18		 ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 1.9
Post-HD: 2.05

Between Group Difference in Intradialytic Change: p=0.6
Van Buren et al(19) n=49 SBP increase >10 mmHg in 4/6 treatments ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 4.97
Post-HD: 5.98		 ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 5.10
Post-HD: 5.59

Between Group Difference in Intradialytic Change: p=0.4
Gutierrez et al(27) n=21 SBP increase during a single HD treatment ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 10.8 pg/mL
Post-HD 25.9 pg/mL		 ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 11.1pg/mL
Post-HD: 13.3 pg/mL

Between Group Difference (post–HD): p<0.001
Teng et al(29) n=34 SBP increase >10 mmHg averaged over 4 treatments ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 3.92
Post-HD 4.09

NO/ET-1 Ratio
Pre HD: 20.32
Post HD: 17.79		 ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD 3.51
Post-HD 2.75
Difference (post –HD): p=0.03

NO/ET-1 Ratio
Pre HD: 27.28
Post HD: 24.78

Difference (post-HD): p=0.04
El-Shafey(7) n=45 MAP increase >15 mmHg in a single HD treatment ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 11.93
Post-HD: 16.39
Within group p<0.001		 Group 1: stable blood pressure
ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 14.49
Post-HD: 14.33
Within group NS

Group 2: blood pressure decrease
ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 11.75
Post-HD: 8.56
Within group p<0.001
Chou(6) n=60 MAP increase >15 mmHg in >8/12 treatments ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 346
Post-HD: 511
Within group p<0.005
Between group: p<0.05

NO/ET-1
Pre-HD: 0.869
Post-HD: 0.018
Within group p<0.005

Betewen group: p<0.05		 ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 287
Post-HD: 276

NO/ET-1
Pre-HD: 0.129
Post-HD: 0.034
Within group p<0.005
Raj(5) n=27 MAP increase >15 mmHg at least once a week for 3 months ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 12.8
Post-HD: 16.8

Within group change: p=0.06		 Group 1: no change in blood pressure
ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD:14.3
Post-HD: 14.8
Within group change NS

Group 2: blood pressure decrease
ET-1 (pg/mL)
Pre-HD: 12
Post-HD:7.9
Within group change p<0.05

SBP=systolic blood pressure; ET-1=Endothelin-1; HD=Hemodialysis; MAP=Mean Arterial Pressure