Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Pre-activated MSC modulation of macrophages. (a) MSCs in transwells were cultured without or with IL-1β or IFN-γ for 1 hour, and then transwells were washed and transferred to macrophage cultures with LPS for 48 hours. Co-culture supernatants were analyzed for (a) TNF-α and (b) PGE2. Data are the mean ± SEM for secreted level normalized to the LPS control for n = 9–19 replicates. *p < 0.05 compared to LPS by Student’s t test. **p < 0.05 determined by Student’s t test.
