Table 3.
Studies Examining the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Knowledge of Adolescents and Parents Across Countries.
| Authors, Year (Country/Region) | HPV Knowledge | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cervical cancer is a common female cancer (%) | Pap test purpose (%) | HPV is STI (%) | HPV may cause genital warts (%) | Unprotected sex leads to a higher risk of HPV infection (%) | HPV is a causative risk factor of cervical cancer (%) | Most HPV infections clear up on their own (%) | Having multiple sex partners increases the risk of developing cervical cancer (%) | Cervical cancer can develop in any woman who has engaged in sexual activity (%) | HPV vaccination does not protect against all types of HPV (%) | HPV vaccination does not protect against all STIs (%) | HPV does not always lead to cervical cancer (%) | Cervical cancer is not always fatal (%) | HPV knowledge score (mean ± SD) | |
| Adolescents | ||||||||||||||
| Lee et al, 2014 (Hong Kong) | 92.9 | 52.8 | — | — | — | 41.1 | — | 48.2 | 52.5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Blumenthal et al, 2012 (USA) | — | 26.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Stocker et al, 2013 (Germany) | — | — | 73.1 (F) 52.5 (M) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mollers et al, 2014 (Netherlands) | — | — | — | 20.0 | 73.0 | 81.0 | 5.0 | — | — | 62.0 | 88.0 | 68.0 | 82.0 | — |
| Bowyer et al, 2014 (UK) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.87 ± 2.29 (range 0-15) |
| Patel et al, 2017 (Latvia) | — | — | — | 26.9 | — | 73.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| HPV causes genital warts (%) | HPV can be asymptomatic (%) | HPV can cause abnormal Pap smears (%) | HPV is an STI (%) | HPV can cause oral & anal cancer (%) | HPV can cause cervical cancer (%) | HPV is a common infection during one’s lifetime (%) | Held the misconception that only 1 injection is need for an HPV vaccination (%) | HPV knowledge score (mean ± SD) | HPV vaccine knowledge score (mean ± SD) | |||||
| Parents | ||||||||||||||
| Perkin et al, 2013 (USA) | 25.0 | 43.0 | 47.0 | 48.0 | 29.0 | 52.0 | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Kepka et al, 2012 (USA) | — | 62.3 | — | — | — | 42.3 | 41.6 | 29.5 | — | — | ||||
| Gerend et al, 2013 (USA) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.10 ± 1.71 (range 2-9) | 3.32 ± 1.12 (range 0-5) | ||||
| Lee et al, 2016 (USA) | — | — | — | — | — | 66.9 | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Glenn et al, 2015 (USA) | — | — | — | — | — | 70.4 | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Kepka, Warner et al, 2015 (USA) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 62.7 | — | — | ||||
| Lindley et al, 2016 (USA) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.1 | — | — | ||||
Abbreviations: STI, sexually transmitted infection; F, females; M, males; —, not applicable.