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. 2018 May 3;9:38. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0253-1

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — mRNA levels for ER stress-related genes in tunicamycin treated cells. IEC-6 cells were incubated with (1 μg/mL) or without tunicamycin for indicated time periods. mRNA levels for ATF4 (a), XBP1s (b), DDIT3 (c), and HSPA5 (d) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. β-actin was used as an internal reference. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 3. *P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA. TUN, tunicamycin; UT, untreatment