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Main mechanisms through which STRAP exerts its double-faced role. Under the normal physiological condition, STRAP promotes cell survival and proliferation and inhibits cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, partly by regulating a number of signaling molecules, such as ASK1, Smad3, and PDK1. Upon treatment of cells with ASK1/TGF-β/p53 stimuli, STRAP promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, partly by regulating p53 and MPK38 signaling molecules [14–17, 21, 38–41].
