Figure 2.
Maternal cigarette smoke, nicotine, and bupropion exposure increased spontaneous beating and [Ca2+]i in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes isolated from day-old pups were examined for (A) spontaneous beating frequency and (B) [Ca2+]i levels. Cultured cardiomyocytes were observed for several minutes under microscope to calculate spontaneous beats per minute. Fura-2-loaded cardiomyocytes were examined for [Ca2+]i levels that is expressed as F340/380 ratio. All data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); n = 6 in each group. Bars with different alphabet superscripts differ significantly (P < .05).