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. 2016 Oct 12;24(6):919–933. doi: 10.1177/1933719116673199

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Figure 3. — Maternal cigarette smoking, nicotine, and bupropion exposure decreased L-type calcium channel and ryanodine receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in neonatal hearts. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess (A) Cacna1s (calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L-type, alpha-1S subunit), (B) Ryr2 (ryanodine receptor), (C) Ca²⁺ ATPases (Atp2a1, Atp2a2, and Atp2a3), and (D) Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchangers (Slc8A1, Slc8A1, and Slc8A3) mRNA expression. Quantitation of fold change in Cacna1s, Ryr2, Atp2a1, Atp2a2 Slc8A1, Slc8A1, and Slc8A3 was normalized relative to β-actin levels. Values are given as means ± standard error of the mean (sem) of 6 rats in each group. Bars with different alphabet superscripts differ significantly (P < .05).