Figure 4.

Maternal cigarette smoke, nicotine, and bupropion exposure increased protein kinases C isoforms messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in neonatal hearts. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess protein kinase C-α, -δ, and -∊ mRNA expression. Quantitation of fold change in protein kinase C was normalized relative to β-actin levels. Values are given as means ± standard error of the mean (sem) of 6 rats in each group. Bars with different alphabet superscripts differ significantly (P < .05).