Figure 2.

Effects of IL-1β or TNF-α on IFN-γ mRNA and secreted protein in first-trimester decidual cell (FTDC) monolayers incubated with E₂ + MPA. Confluent, leukocyte-free decidual cells were incubated for 7 days in BMS containing 10⁻⁸ mol/L E₂ + 10⁻⁷ mol/L MPA and then switched to DM with corresponding steroids with or without 1 ng/mL each of IL-1β (I) or TNF-α (T) for 6 hours (for mRNA) or 24 hours (for protein). A, The IFN-γ mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR; n = 8). B, The IFN-γ protein levels were measured by Bio-Plex assay in conditioned DM supernatants and normalized to cell protein (n = 6). The results are reported as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .005. DM indicates defined medium; E₂, estradiol; IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL, interleukin; MPA, medroxyprogesterone; mRNA, messenger RNA; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.