Figure 3.

Vinylsulfone (VS) blocks high glucose-induced x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing. XBP1 mRNA splicing in 24-hour cultured embryos under normal glucose (NG, 5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG, 16.7 mmol/L), with or without 20 µmol/L VS, as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Because the XBP1 cleavage can be determined from the absence or the presence of the 179-bp band, 2 samples (n = 2; two embryos from 2 different dams) were used. Arrows indicate actual sizes of the bands.