Figure 2.

Phenotype, chloroplast ultrastructure, and photosynthetic activity of Arabidopsis transgenic lines stably expressing TL-YA and TM-YA. A, Representative photographs of 4-week-old seedlings of TL-YA, TM-YA, and wild-type (WT) lines. B, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of chloroplast ultrastructure, showing good preservation of thylakoids. Bars = 1 µm (left column) and 250 nm (right column). C, Pulse amplitude modulation imaging analyses of Arabidopsis seedlings at 4, 5, and 6 weeks. Data are means ± se of five independent experiments. No significant differences were observed (Student’s t test).