Table 5.

Results of multilevel analyses regarding the effect of ADL training, exercise training, and the combined training (PADL) on QoL and ADL performance

Outcome measures	Model	ADL vs controlan = 44/43		Exercise vs controlbn = 43/44		PADL vs SCO n = 22/22
		Beta (95% CI)	p-value	Beta (95% CI)	p-value	Beta (95% CI)	p-value
ADL	Cru	0.4 (−0.2, 0.9)	0.16	−0.3 (−0.8, 0.2)	0.24	0.1 (−0.7, 0.8)	0.90
	Adj	0.4 (−0.1, 0.9)	0.13	−0.5 (−0.9, 0.1)	0.09	−0.0 (−0.8, 0.7)	0.90
Qualidem
Care relationship	Cru	2.0 (0.5, 3.5)	0.009*	−0.2 (−1.8, 1.3)	0.76	1.8 (−0.4, 3.9)	0.11
	Adj	2.0 (0.5, 3.6)	0.01*	−0.2 (−1.8, 1.5)	0.86	1.8 (−0.4, 4.1)	0.11
Positive affect	Cru	0.5 (−0.6, 1.7)	0.34	−0.6 (−1.7, 0.5)	0.26	−0.1 (−1.6, 1.4)	0.92
	Adj	0.7 (−0.5, 1.8)	0.24	−0.4 (−1.5, 0.8)	0.51	0.3 (−1.3, 1.8)	0.73
Negative affect	Cru	0.3 (−0.4, 1.1)	0.39	−0.3 (−1.1, 0.5)	0.47	0.1 (−0.9, 1.2)	0.88
	Adj	0.4 (−0.4, 1.1)	0.34	−0.5 (−1.2, 0.3)	0.21	−0.1 (−1.2, 0.9)	0.83
Restless tense behavior	Cru	0.2 (−1.2, 1.6)	0.81	−0.2 (−1.1, 0.7)	0.65	0.2 (−1.1, 1.4)	0.81
	Adj	0.2 (−1.2, 1.6)	0.73	−0.2 (−1.1, 0.7)	0.64	0.2 (−1.1, 1.5)	0.76
Positive self-image	Cru	0.6 (−0.1, 1.2)	0.09	0.3 (−0.4, 0.9)	0.39	0.9 (−0.1, 1.8)	0.08
	Adj	0.6 (−0.1, 1.3)	0.08	0.2 (−0.5, 0.9)	0.61	0.8 (−0.2, 1.7)	0.12
Social relations	Cru	0.3 (−0.9, 1.5)	0.63	−0.6 (−1.8, 0.6)	0.30	−0.4 (−2.0, 1.3)	0.68
	Adj	0.4 (−0.8, 1.7)	0.51	−0.5 (−1.7, 0.8)	0.44	−0.1 (−1.8, 1.6)	0.93
Social isolation	Cru	0.7 (−0.6, 2.0)	0.25	0.0 (−0.7, 0.7)	0.97	0.9 (−0.2, 2.0)	0.10
	Adj	0.8 (−0.6, 2.1)	0.23	0.1 (−0.6, 0.8)	0.79	1.1 (−0.1, 2.2)	0.07
Feeling at home	Cru	1.7 (0.7, 2.7)	0.002**	−0.5 (−1.4, 0.5)	0.33	1.3 (−0.2, 2.7)	0.08
	Adj	1.7 (0.7, 2.7)	0.002**	−0.5 (−1.5, 0.5)	0.31	1.2 (−0.3, 2.7)	0.11
Having something to do	Cru	−0.3 (−0.9, 0.3)	0.26	−0.1 (−0.7, 0.5)	0.82	−0.4 (−1.2, 0.5)	0.36
	Adj	−0.3 (−0.9, 0.3)	0.33	−0.0 (−0.6, 0.6)	0.99	−0.2 (−1.2, 0.6)	0.51
Overall QoL	Cru	2.2 (0.3, 4.1)	0.02*	−0.7 (−2.6, 1.2)	0.45	1.6 (−1.1, 4.3)	0.23
	Adj	2.4 (0.5, 4.4)	0.02*	−0.5 (−2.5, 1.4)	0.59	1.9 (−0.9, 4.7)	0.17

Notes:

^aControl group, care-as-usual;

^bcontrol group, social activity group;

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.005. Cru: adjusted for baseline scores; Adj: adjusted for baseline scores, gender, and age.

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; QoL, quality of life; PADL, physical activity and ADL; SCO, social activity and control.